Toluene nephrotoxicity

Exposures to chemical substances such as carbon tetrachloride, 1,1-dichloroeth-ylene, paradichlorobenzene, ethylbenzene, monochlorobenzene, tetrachloroethyl-ene, toluene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, xylenes, cadmium, and lead are known to canse adverse effects on the kidney. The kidney is unusually susceptible because of its role in filtering harmful substances from the blood. Some of these toxicants canse acnte injury to the kidney, while others produce chronic changes that can lead to end-stage renal failure or cancer. Furthermore, evaluation of the nephrotoxicity of complex industrial waste mixtures with organic chemicals and metals reqnires more stndies. 

Bruning T, Thier R, and Bolt HM, Nephrotoxicity and nephrocarcinogenicity of dinitro-toluene New aspects to be considered, Rev. Environ. Health, 17, 163, 2002. 

Contradictory effects of solvents in paints on the kidneys have been described. Lauwerys et ah, for example, have described some solvents used in paints as nephrotoxic (e.g., toluene). Minor effects such as slight hematuria and albuminuria or small effects on the glomeruli or even no effects were detected in other studies. ... 

Toluene 700 Psychiatric change, cognitive dysfunction, fatigue, myopathy, nephrotoxicity, teratogen Gasoline, paints, adhesives, inks, solvents 0.13 pgA by GC with FID 6 pg/ 1 by GC-MS... 

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