Toluene anaerobic degradation

Altenschmidt U, G Fucbs (1991) Anaerobic degradation of toluene in denitrifying Pseudomonas sp. indication for toluene metbylbydroxylation and benzoyl-CoA as central aromatic intermediate. Arch Microbiol 156 152-158. 

Evans DT Mang, KS Kim, LY Young (1991a) Anaerobic degradation of toluene by a denitrifying bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 57 1139-1145. 

Edwards EA, LE Williams, M Reinhard, D Grbic-Galic (1992) Anaerobic degradation of toluene and xylene by aquifer microrganisms under sulfate-reducing conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 58 ... 

Several mechanisms have been established for the anaerobic degradation of toluene ... 

Jahn MK, SB Haderlin, RU Meckenstock (2005) Anaerobic degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene in sediment-free iron-reducing enrichment cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 3355-3358. 

Kiihner S, L Wohlbrand, I Fritz, W Wruck, C Hultschig, P Hufnagel, M Kube, R Reinhardt, R Rabus (2005) Substrate-dependent regulation of anaerobic degradation pathways for toluene and ethylbenzene in a denitrifying bacterium strain EbNl. J Bacteriol 187 1493-1503. 

Schocher RJ, B Seyfried, E Vazquez, J Zeyer (1991) Anaerobic degradation of toluene by pure cultures of denitrifying bacteria. Arch Microbiol 157 7-12. 

It has become clear that benzoate occupies a central position in the anaerobic degradation of both phenols and alkylated arenes such as toluene and xylenes, and that carboxylation, hydroxylation, and reductive dehydroxylation are important reactions for phenols that are discussed in Part 4 of this chapter. The simplest examples include alkylated benzenes, products from the carboxylation of napthalene and phenanthrene (Zhang and Young 1997), the decarboxylation of o-, m-, and p-phthalate under denitrifying conditions (Nozawa and Maruyama 1988), and the metabolism of phenols and anilines by carboxylation. Further illustrative examples include the following ... 

A sulfate enrichment culture prepared from a contaminated site gave enrichment factors (e) of-1.1 for naphthalene and -0.9 for 2-methylnaphthalene (Griebler et al. 2004). These values combined with literature values from analogous laboratory experiments were used to quantify degradation of toluene, xylenes, and naphthalene at the site. Additional evidence for degradation of BTEX was derived from analyses of established metabolites produced by anaerobic degradation. 

Shen H, GW Sewell (2005) Reductive biotransformation of tetrachloroethene to ethene during anaerobic degradation of toluene experimental evidence and kinetics. Environ Sci Technol 39 9286-9294. 

Edwards, E. A. Grbic-Galic, D. (1994). Anaerobic degradation of toluene and o-xylene by a methanogenic consortium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60(1), 313-22. 

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