Tokens, BASIC

Because the programs are compiled (. exe format), they can be run on any PC under Windows, but by the same token, they can no longer be tinkered with. For most users, this will not constitute a disadvantage, as even the authors of very well designed and documented source code occasionally run into problems when attempting to change some minor detail. Those who habitually tweak every screw they run into are aware that the old GW- or Q-Basic world was a much simpler place than today s universe of objects, mainly because the barebones syntax was easily memorized. 

When you type a program line and press RETURN, you must have at least one BASIC keyword (command or function) in the line for it to be legal. Even the do-nothing REM is a BASIC ke)rword. The computer reads the line from the screen and turns all keywords into tokens before the line is stored in memory. A token is a single number between 128 and 255 which represents the command or function. 

By the same token, carboxylate anions are moderately basic, with an appreciable tendency to combine with protons. Tl ey react with water to increase the... 

Nitrogen s extra pair of electrons, which is responsible for the usual basicity of nitrogen compounds, is involved in the tt cloud, and is not available for sharing with acids. In contrast to most amines, therefore, pyrrole is an extremely weak base (ATj, -- 2.5 X 10 14). By the same token, there is a high electron density in the ring, which causes pyrrole to be extremely reactive toward electrophilic substitution it undergoes reactions like nitrosation and coupling with diazonium salts which are characteristic of only the most reactive benzene derivatives, phenols and amines. 

Note that in the titration of a weak acid by a strong base the equivalence point comes not at pH 7 but at a higher (more basic) value. By the same token, the equivalence point in the titration of a weak base by a strong acid occurs at a pH lower than 7. 

For n-propanol, the results show that smaller and harder anions are better hydrogen bond acceptors than polarisable and bulky ones, and thus reduce the mobility of n-propanol. By the same token, 1,4-dioxane can only interact with the cation s hydrogen atoms if they are not engaged in strong interactions with basic anions, and hence the activity is highest in the chloride-based ionic liquid. While the order of [3-values established for the anions [17] is not strictly followed in the n-propanol series, it is in fact reflected in detail in the results for 1,4-dioxane. 

In both semiotic classification and homograph disambiguation, our goal is to assign a label to each token, where the label is drawn from a pre-defined set. This process is one of classification, which as we shall see, crops up all the time in TTS to the extent that we use a number of basic approaches again and again for various TTS problems. 

The basic idea of decision lists is to determine the strength of the link between a token and its trigger, and this is done by measuring the frequency of occurrence. In the following table (taken from [507]), we see the raw counts which have been found for the token bass ... 

Which basically states that in our training data one in every 1538 nouns that we encountered was the token record, and one in every 220 verbs we encountered was record. 

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