Tobramycin antibacterial activity

Tobramydtt. The antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetic properties of tobramycin resemble those of gentamicin, and the therapeutic uses of tobramycin are essentially identical to those for gentamicin. Although some bacteria are resistant to both gentamicin and tobramycin, it is impredictable in individual strains. Amikacin is usually effective for infections caused by organisms resistant to both gentamicin and tobramycin. 

Neomycin is a topical aminoglycoside widely nsed for skin wounds and in otolaryngology. Its antibacterial activity resembles that of gentamicin and tobramycin, except that P aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae, and the a-hemolytic streptococci are generally resistant. Neomycin s usefnl-ness for treating acnte bacterial conjunctivitis is limited... 

A number of kanamycin analogs, including 3 -deoxy-2 -e/ i-kanamycin A [90], 5-deoxy-, 5,4 -dideoxy-, 5-deoxy-5-epi-chloro-, and 5,4 -dideoxy-5,4 -di-epi-chlo-rokanamycin A [91], as well as 3 -deoxykanamycin B (tobramycin) [92], were prepared and tested against several sensitive and resistant organisms. Antibacterial activity data profile revealed that deoxygenation of kanamycin at the 5-position results in the loss of activity and that the 4 -epichlorination of kanamycin A results in lack of activity. 

Aminoglycoside antibiotics (257), including kanamycin A, tobramycin, and gentamicin C complex, have been acylated with 1 mole of disodium carbenicillin (258) to give monoacylated derivatives (e.g., 259) (compounds 257-259). The resulting compounds were devoid of antibacterial activity against several strains tested, however, and showed no toxicity [135]. 

Netilmicin, an aminoglycoside, is similar to gentamicin and tobramycin in its pharmacokinetic properties. It has broad antibacterial activity against aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and causes less ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity (see also Figure 88). 

Gentamicin and tobramycin ophthalmic preparations are commonly used to treat difficult ear infections. The latter is less toxic than gentamicin, and its activity against Pseudomonas is higher. These antibacterial... 

---