TMs Acceptors in III-V Compounds

These TM acceptors display an EM excited level, and for the GaAs host crystal, the line spacings are similar to those measured for shallow acceptors, as can be seen from the comparison between Tables 7.22 and 7.27. 

The electronic configurations of Cr and Cu, with only one 4s electron, differ from those of the other 3d TMs (see above). With the same binding process as for Mn and Co, one expects the incorporation of two VB electrons to complete 

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