TMOS electrochemical composites

An alternative approach to improve the electrochemical performance of a TMO anode is the preparation of nanostructures consisting of an inert but conducting metallic core surrounded by a shell of a selected TMO. For this purpose, special synthetic routes allow the hierarchical separation of phases. Thus, the use of electrostatic spray deposition led to the formation CoO/Co composite thin films consisted of hollow spherical particles delivering a high reversible capacity of 1182.1 mAhg" at 70th cycle and retaining 69.5% of the initial capacity at 10 C [53]. 

The electrochemical deposition of sol-gel hybrid films was carried out in a mixture of at least two different sol-gel precursors. For example, Walcarius and coworkers [19-21,45] reported the co-electrodeposition of TEOS or methyltrie-thoxysilane (MTES) together with APTES or MPTMS for the electroanalysis of Cu(II) and Hg(II) in aqueous media. Liu and Mandler [46] reported the coelectrodeposition of TMOS with Ti(i-OPr)4, where they found that the obtained films had graded structure in composition. These works will be discussed in detail in this section. 

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