Titanium dioxide pigments titania

Blumenfeld An early version of the Sulfate process for making titanium dioxide pigment, in which the nucleation of the precipitation of titania hydrate is accomplished by dilution under controlled conditions. Invented by J. Blumenfeld, a Russian working in London in the... 

Monk-Irwin An unsuccessful predecessor of the Sulfate process for making titanium dioxide pigment from ilmenite. Invented by C.R. Whittemore at McGill University, Montreal, in the early 1920s and subsequently developed by J. Irwin and R.H. Monk in Canada and B. Laporte Limited in Luton, UK. Ilmenite from the deposit at Ivry, Quebec was reduced by heating with coke, leached with ferric chloride solution, and then roasted with a mixture of sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate. The resulting cake, containing titanyl sulfate, was dissolved in water and hydrolyzed, and the titania hydrate calcined. Some of the product was extended with barium sulfate. The project was abandoned in 1928. 

Titanium is the fourth most abundant chemical element found on earth. In nature, titanium occurs only in the form of oxides or mixed oxides with other elements. Mineable deposits are generally of volcanic origin The titanium dioxide pigment industry uses between 90 and 95% of the global titania ore extracted. 

Thus, for these enamels, nonpigmentary grade titanium dioxide pigment is preferred. Contrasted with self-opacified titania enamels in which titnaium dioxide is often 20 wt% of the batch, dry process enamels carry only 4-8 wt%. 

Another source of error in the investigation of the surface properties of titanium dioxide is its tendency to adsorb acids or ions. Phosphate ions are very strongly adsorbed (see Table XIX) as well as sulfuric acid. Commercial pigments often have considerable sulfate contents. When titania is precipitated from sulfate solution, sulfate ions are strongly adsorbed (308). They are carried through all further stages of pigment manufacture. 

Titanium dioxide (titania, Ti02) is the major constituent of most commercial white pigments (Day, 1973 Wiseman, 1976 Solomon and Hawthorne, 1983). The... 

Titanium Dioxide (Titania) Titanium dioxide is the least expensive and most widely used white pigment. Nearly all of the titania used in this country is produced from titanium ore (mostly titanium and iron oxides) by the chloride process , which goes through a TiCU intermediate. 

Titanium dioxide is the most used white pigment in the plastic industiy. This pigment is hydrophilic and the dispersibility in non-polar polymers such as polyethylene is not easy. In the previous work, the adsorption of anionic surfactant has been used to modify the hydrophilicity of titania. " It was found that the surfactant treatment improves the dispersibility of titania in non-polar media. 

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