Titanium citrate

FIGURE 3.9 EPR of titanium citrate. The citrate complex of the Ti(III) ion at pH 9 is a general-purpose strong reductant of metalloproteins. This 3d system gives an S = 1/2 EPR spectrum with. -values just below ge. The axial signal below 3300 gauss is from Ni(I) in factor F-430. 

Titanium chlorides, 25 49—50 manufacture of, 25 52—53 Titanium chloroacetate complexes, 25 96 Titanium citrates, 25 89 Titanium complexes chiral, 25 98-99... 

In the presence of a strong reductant such as titanium citrate, dithiothreitol, or sulfide, cofactor F430, and vitamin B12 can dechlorinate CT to either less chlorinated products (CF, DCM, and CM) or to completely non-chlorinated products as CO, C02, and formic acid at relatively high rates [262,390]. 

The problem of reducing sintering temperature is also crucial for Bao sSrg sTiOj, which possesses ferroelectric properties but is used more often as a material with a positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTCR). The citrate synthesis method is often considered as an alternative to freeze-drying synthesis, but in the following case the solution of barium, strontium, and titanium citrates was dried by various methods (i.e., oven drying and freeze-drying). Careful... 

FIGURE 7.24 Experimental apparatus used to estimate radial oxygen loss from wetland plant roots into titanium citrate buffer solution. (Redrawn from Kludze et al., 1994a.)... 

Most hydroponic studies of the response of wetland plants to anaerobic root environments have been based on the purging of nitrogen to remove oxygen from solution. Such treatments lead to a redox potential of 330-400 mV (DeLaune et al., 1990). This value is much higher than redox values found in flooded soils that may reach as low as -250 mV. Artificial redox buffer (titanium citrate) used to... 

An aqueous barium titanium citrate solution has been used as the water phase in emulsion synthesis of BaTi03 [196], but detailed information is not published. 

Vitamin B12 contains Co as a central atom. Embedded into the vitamin, it can exist in the oxidation states Co(I), Co(II), and Co(III). Co(III) can be reduced to Co(II) and Co(I) with titanium citrate. Thereby, it is converted to its active form being a strong reductant. Under such conditions PFOS has been decomposed. The elimination of PFOS by vitamin B12 has been slow, since 66% of a mixmre of branched isomers of PFOS has been degraded after approximately 3 days (70°C and pH 9) [58]. 

Simultaneous presence ofbarium and titanium in the solution of citric acid causes the effect that can not be described as the superposition of the solutions of barium citrate and titanium citrate. In addition to the familiar Ti-0 bonds and shift of carboxylic groups NMR peaks, the central carbon peak in the C-NMR spectra is displaced to higher frequency (Fang, 2001 Kakihana, 1999b), which means a deprotonation of-OH group and most likely formation of metal-oxygen bonds. This observation is particularly interesting if one takes into account p/Q = 10.96 and low pH of citric acid solution. Barium and titanium participate in the formation of the metal complex with Ba Ti CA ratio of... 

Deng YF, Jiang YQ, Hong QM, Zhou ZH (2007) Speciation of water-soluble titanium citrate synthesis, structural, spectroscopic properties and biological relevance. Polyhedron 26 1561-1569... 

Getsova MM, Todorovsky DS, Amandov MG (2000) Preparation and characterization of yttrium-titanium citrate complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 626 1488-1492... 

Deng YF, Zhou ZH Wan HL (2004) pH-dependent isolation and spectroscopic, structural and thermal studies of titanium citrate complexes. Inoig Chem 43 6266-6273... 

Tsay J, Fang T (1999) Effects of molar ratio of citric acid to cations and of pH value on the formation and thermal decomposition behavior of barium titanium citrate. J Amer Ceramic Soc 82 1409-1415... 

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