Titanium alkoxide Ziegler-Natta catalyst

Catalysts such as HRuX(PPh3)3, where X is an optically active car-boxylate (e.g., / -mandelate) gave only 0.4% ee using 2-ethylhex-l-ene as substrate (124). Soluble Ziegler-Natta catalysts comprised of triiso-butylaluminum with the optically active alkoxide complex, titanium tetra-(-)-menthoxide, hydrogenated racemic terminal olefins such as 3,4-di-methyl pent- 1-ene, but with zero ee (323). 

Alphabutol Also called IFP-SABIC. A process for dimerizing ethylene to 1-butene. It operates under pressure at 80°C, using a complex Ziegler-Natta catalyst, a titanium alkoxide. Developed by the Institut Frangais du Petrole. First operated in Thailand in 1987. Seven plants had been licensed by 1993, of which three were operating. 

In reporting a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, the kind of transition metal compound should not be omitted. Group 4-8 transition metal compounds, such as halides, oxyhalides, alkoxides, acetylacetonates, etc., have been used as catalyst precursors with activators such as alkyl derivatives or hydrides of group 1-4 metals. Titanium chlorides and triethylaluminium are most commonly applied for the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts in an aliphatic hydrocarbon medium. Also, vanadium oxychloride or acetylacetonate and dialkyaluminium chloride are often used for the preparation of homogeneous catalysts in an aliphatic hydrocarbon or an aromatic hydrocarbon medium. 

Ziegler-Natta catalysts were prepared in a nitrogen atmosphere by syringe or inert atmosphere transfer of the titanium or zirconium alkoxide to toluene solvent followed by dropwise syringe addition of the triethylaluminum. The metal alkoxide concentration was 0.5 M and aluminum titanium or zirconium ratio was 4 1 unless stated otherwise. The C H., nC H., nC.Hg,... 

Commercially important catalyst systens have been the subject of numerous NMR studies. Many Ziegler-Natta complexes of titanium alkoxides and magnesium halides are used as catalysts in solution polymerizations, and NMR allows them to be investigated in this state [83]. 

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