Time-temperature-transformation sulfone

A time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram (50,51) study on a poly(ether sulfone)- p - e/-epoxy semi-II IPN was carried out by Kim and coworkers (Fig. 12) (52). Note the several regions delineated by the progressive polymerization and cross-linking of the epoxy. Several steps in the transformation during polymerization were identified ... 

Fig. 12. A time-temperature-transformation (TTT) cure diagram for the system poly(ether sulfone)-ipn-epoxy.

Kim et al. (43) studied the time-temperature-transformation (TTT), diagram (see Section 8.7.2) for the system poly(ether sulfone)-/nter-net-epoxy semi-II IPN see Figure 13.20. They identified five general steps in the development of IPN morphology in the figure ... 

In recent years, the use of heterogeneous catalysis has received useful applications in various organic transformations due to several advantages over conventional homogeneous catalysis. Several solid acid catalysts [108] such as Amberlyst [109], solid-supported fluoroboric acid [110], polyaniline sulfate [111], polystyrene-supported sulfonic acids [112], sulfated zirconia [113], and silica [114] in conjunction with other greener techniques such as MW, US, environmentally benign solvents, solvent-free conditions, and so on have been screened, evaluated, and compared with respect to yields, reaction time, reaction temperature, ease of purification, reusability, toxicity, and other hazards for sustained applications. Many of these efforts have found applications in the medium ring-sized heterocycles such as oxepines, azepines, diazepines, oxazepines, thiazepines, and so on. 

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