Time-averaged power incident

Several mathematical relationships have been developed using the vector electric field intensity induced inside a sphere as a function of the incident electric field intensity (8,9). The square of the average internal electric field intensity, lEl 2, was derived and related to the time-average power density incident upon the sample within the stripline. 

The angular differential cross-section is calculated by taking dP/dQ, where dP is the time-averaged power scattered into solid angle dQ, and dividing by the intensity of the incident light. This is equivalent to writing da/dQ = r )/ Eq so that... 

A radiation detector is a device in which the photons absorbed are transformed ultimately into electrical energy. The efficiency with which the photons are transformed into electrical power is described by the responsivity of the detector, and it is expressed as the voltage generated by one watt of incident radiant power. The average time required for the incident power to be transformed and dissipated by the detector characterizes the response time, or time constant of the detector. To be specific, the electrical response of a detector to a radiation beam time-modulated at frequency / is similar to the frequency response R(/) of a low-pass electrical filter with time constant r ... 

The photoexcitation process in an electronic detector occurs at an average rate proportional to the instantaneous incident optical power as determined by the responsivity, 9ft. The electron production process is random, however, and obeys Poisson statistics, which state that in any interval of time in which the expected or average value of the electron count is n, then the actual probability of k events during this time interval is given by... 

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