Thylakoid membranes, chloroplast, receptor

Identification of the Receptor Site for Triazine Herbicides in Chloroplast Thylakoid Membranes... 

In thermodynamics, one deals with closed and open systems, the difference between the two being that the latter involves the exchange of matter in addition to energy (heat and work), Clearly, a cell is an open system. Similarly, organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria are also open systems. Other energy transducing systems of interest are found in bacteria, in visual receptors. We shall mainly focus out attention on the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts and the cristae membrane of rnito-chondria. It is particularly noteworthy that energy transduction and material transport in these two systems are coupled the products of photosynthesis are utilized as the reactants in respiration, and vice versa. 

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