Thulium structure

The compounds 52-54 can be isolated in the form of intensely colored, highly air- and moisture-sensitive crystals. X-ray crystal structure analyses have been carried out on the derivatives 52n and 53p. Figure 16 shows the molecular structure of the thulium derivative 52n [71]. 

In the case of thulium compounds TmSe and TmTe and YI3AI3, distinct multiplet structures due to divalent and trivalent thulium are seen in the 4f region [38]. The multiplet structure in TmTe is more distinct than in the case of TmSe in agreement with magnetic susceptibility data, (i.e.) magnetic moment of TmTe is smaller than that of TmSe. 

The only complexes of lanthanum or cerium to be described are [La(terpy)3][C104]3 175) and Ce(terpy)Cl3 H20 411). The lanthanum compound is a 1 3 electrolyte in MeCN or MeN02, and is almost certainly a nine-coordinate mononuclear species the structure of the cerium compound is not known with any certainty. A number of workers have reported hydrated 1 1 complexes of terpy with praseodymium chloride 376,411,438), and the complex PrCl3(terpy)-8H20 has been structurally characterized 376). The metal is in nine-coordinate monocapped square-antiprismatic [Pr(terpy)Cl(H20)5] cations (Fig. 24). Complexes with a 1 1 stoichiometry have also been described for neodymium 33, 409, 411, 413, 417), samarium 33, 411, 412), europium 33, 316, 411, 414, 417), gadolinium 33, 411), terbium 316, 410, 414), dysprosium 33, 410, 412), holmium 33, 410), erbium 33, 410, 417), thulium 410, 412), and ytterbium 410). The 1 2 stoichiometry has only been observed with the later lanthanides, europium 33, 411, 414), gadolinium, dysprosium, and erbium 33). 

Structure type Tm2PbSe4 (Gulay et al., 2006d) (Figure 20, Table 25). SG Pnma, Z = A, a = 1.2505, b = 0.40630, c = 1.4820 nm. Both of the two independent thulium atoms have octahedral coordination spheres made... 

Bochkarev, M.N., Fedushkin, I.L., Fagin, A.A. et al. (1997) Synthesis and structure of the first molecular thulium(II) complex [Tml2(MeOCH2CH2CH20Me)3]. Angewattiite Chemie International Edition, 36, 133. 

The thulium (III) ion exhibits spectrally narrow light emission at about 480 nm. Li and coworkers were the first to use the Tm + ion in OLEDs [65]. They prepared a Tm complex Tm(acac)3(phen) and constructed double-layer cells with structure ITO/PVK/Tm complex/Al. The electroluminescence spectrum of the OLED with drive voltage 10 V and the photoluminescence spectrum with excitation wavelength at 350 nm are shown in Figure 11.29. The emitting intensity of 6.0cdm was achieved when a 16 V forward bias voltage was applied. 

The materials derived from YBa2Cu307 by replacing yttrium with other rare earth elements (lutetium, ytterbium, thulium, erbium, hohnium, dysprosium, gadolinium, europium, samarium, neodymium, lanthanum) are also superconductors, with r, s of 88 to 96 K. The crystal structures of RBa2Cu307 are almost the same as those of YBa2Cu307. The lattice constant is slightly different for the different ionic radii of the rare earth elements, and yet their chemical and physical properties are almost the same as those of YBa2Cu307. 

Pr(C103)3 2H20 has praseodymium coordinated by seven different chlorates and two water molecules." Lanthanum is nine-coordinate in Rb[La(OAc)4] in which each La is coordinated by six different acetate groups in a chain structure. " Thulium nitrilotriacetate, [Tm(NTA)-(H20)2] 2H20, has a ladder-like structure." ... 

Biborides of holmium and thulium have been prepared from the elements.332 They belong to the same class of structures as A1B2. The structures of HoCo2B2, PrCo2B2, and Y bCo3B2 have also been determined.333... 

The polymeric structure of the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl complex of thulium [Cp 2Tm(/r3-Cl)2K(THF)] is generated by triply bridging chloride ligands, with each chloride being connected to one Cp 2Tm bent metallocene unit and two K(THF) moieties in a T-shaped geometry around the chloride.557 Cp 2Tm(lll) complexes have also been isolated from reactions of TmI2(THF)2 with KCp. 344 Cp 2Nd(/r-Cl)2Na(DME)2 was obtained by the reaction... 

Treatment of thulium diiodide with substituted phospholide and arsolide salts afforded stable bis(phospholyl)- and bis(arsolyl)thulium(ll) complexes (Scheme 201) as green solids, that were characterized by multinuclear NMR and X-ray crystal structures. The latter clearly revealed the beneficial effects of the steric and electronic properties of crowded phospholyl and arsolyl ligands for the stabilization of divalent thulium.727 Several other homoleptic samarium(ll) and thulium(n) phospholyl sandwich complexes containing the 2,5-di-/-butyl-3,4-dimethylphospholide (=dtp) or 2,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3,4-dimethylphospholide (=dsp) ligand have been synthesized and structurally characterized. X-ray studies revealed that [Sm(dtp)2]2 and [Sm(dsp)2]2 are both dimeric in the solid state due to... 

The same arguments apply to the study of ionization thresholds. While some success has been possible for the elements with simpler electronic structure (ytterbium, europium, and thulium),(34>35) for the remainder of the lanthanides it is nearly an impossible task to unravel the spectra originating from the many populated metastable levels to accurately determine the ionization potential with confidence.(36)... 

Silvery-white, easily worked metal. Hexagonal close-packed structure, d 9.332. mp 1545". The solns of thulium salts show a characteristic absorption spectrum Exner,... 

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