Three needles technique

Three Needle Technique. Liquids are easily transferred by this method. It is useful to prepare the needle adapter (left) from a broken syringe. 

Tong et al (Tong et al., 2012b) chose a eutectic Si-ZrlO alloy to prepare the C/ SiC-ZrC composite by RMI. Carbon fiber needled felts were used as preforms. The needled felts were prepared by a three-dimensional needling technique, starting with repeatedly overlapping the layers of 0°non-woven fiber cloth, short-cut-fiber web, and 90° non-woven fiber cloth with needle-punching step by step. Pyrolytic carbon... 

Nga ME, Lim G-L, Barbro N, et al. Successful retrieval of fine-needle aspiration biopsy material from previously stained smears for immunocytochemistry a novel technique applied to three soft tissue tumors. Mod. Pathol. 2005 18 728-732. 

For those readers who are not yet familiar with mass spectrometry, the introduction provides an explanation of the basics of mass spectrometry and its instrumentation as well as practical aspects and applications in bioanalysis. Next, a block of three chapters shows different affinity selection procedures suitable to identify hits from combinatorial compound libraries. This subject, being metaphorically speaking a search for a needle in a haystack, is of outstanding relevance for big pharma . The techniques described here offer real high throughput capabilities and are implemented already in the routine industrial screening... 

Using equations (3) and (4), equations (2a-2c) can be written as depending on only one variable. This variable should be easily monitored experimentally. Such a variable is the mass fraction of the gas G or the mass fraction of the solid residue (1 - G). The three equations (2a-2c) can be initially used to calculate the values for k-, k2 and a-). This can be done using a best-fit technique for experimental data that are assumed to be described by equations (2) in isothermal conditions. Once the values for k-, k2 and a- are known, the kinetics equations can be integrated and solved for any time t. This model has been successfully applied, for example, to describe the pyrolysis of cellulose and of pine needles [8]. In anal ical pyrolysis this model can be used to determine the amount of gas generated during pyrolysis. Also, analytical pyrolysis data can be used to fit the kinetics model for use in other practical applications. 

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