Three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap

In contrast to the linear two-dimensional quadrupole field of the LIT, the three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap (QIT) developed by Wolfgang Paul creates a three-dimensional RF quadmpole field of rotational symmetry to store ions within defined boundaries. Its invention goes back to 1953 [80-82] however, it took until the mid-1980s to access the full analytical potential of quadrupole ion traps [119,124-128]. 

Note Wolfgang Paul himself preferred to call the device lonenkafig (ion cage) rather than the nowadays accepted term quadrupole ion trap because it does not actively act to catch ions from outside. The acronym QUISTOR derived from quadrupole ion store was also in use for a while. 

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Three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap Quadrupole (RF) ion traps are the newest of the commercially available mass analyzers, despite having been invented at about the same time as the quadrupole mass filter, nearly 50 years ago. The Paul ion trap... 

Figure 1 Schematic representation of a quadrupole ion trap showing (a) a cut-away view of the three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap, including two endcap electrodes and the ring electrode, and the (b) positive and (c) negative extremes of the quadrupolar field, alternating as a function of the radio frequency (rf) potential applied to the ring electrode.

Taylor Cone 14 Terpenes 97,102,107 Thaumatin-like proteins 323 Three-dimensional quadrupole ion traps 58 Time-of-flight 42,71, 89 Tribromoanisole (TBA) 252 Trichloroanisoles (TCA) 249 Trichlorophenol (TCP) 251 Triple quadrupole 80... 

Pitteri, S.J. Chrisman, P.A. Hogan, J.M. McLuckey, S.A. Electron transfer ion/ion reactions in a three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap Reactions of doubly and triply protonated peptides with SOj". Ana/. Chem. 2005, 77, 1831-1839. 

Chapter 9 A Fourier Transform Operating Mode Applied to a Three-Dimensional Quadrupole Ion Trap... 

O. A. Silivra, F. Kjeldsen, I. A. Ivonin, and R. A. Zubarev, Electron capture dissociation of polypeptides in a three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap instrumentation and first results, 7. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 16, 22-27 (2005). 

In 1989 the Nobel Prize in physics was shared by Wolfgang Paul (for development of the three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap as an extension of the linear quadrupole mass filter) and Hans Dehmelt (for spectroscopic studies of ions suspended in ion traps of various kinds, including the Paul trap) the Nobel award lectures (Paul 1990 Dehmelt 1990) incidentally also provide accounts of their work that are interesting historically and also lucid and accessible to nonexperts. Other early work on development of the same general principles for ion trapping (Good 1953 Wuerker 1959) should also be... 

Interaction with electromagnetic fields three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap (3D QIT) analyzers... 

Figure 7 Stability diagram in space for the region of simultaneous stability in both rand z directions near the origin for the three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap the iso-yS, and iso-/S lines are shown. The axis intersects the = 1 boundary at q = 0.908, which corresponds to in mass-selective instability mode.

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