Epitaxial crystallites, three-dimensional

A series of nucleation and growth models was developed by, for example, Bewick et al. (11), Armstrong and Harrison (16), and Scharifker and Hills (17). Amblart et al. (18) have shown that nickel epitaxial growth starts with the formation of three-dimensional epitaxial crystallites. An electrochemical model for the process of electroless metal depositions (mixed-potential theory) was suggested by Paunovic (14) and Saito (14b). 

Three-dimensional epitaxial crystallites (TECs) were observed in the first stages of electrodeposition of copper (51) and nickel (58) on copper substrates. TECs of nickel formed on copper-film substrate from nickel sulfate solutions in low concentration are shaped rectangularly with edges averaging 1300 A in length. The coherent... 

In multilayers of the cadmium salts of fatty acids the cations are not located at fixed lattice sites, and the crystallinity is therefore restrictol to the paraffinic portions of the acad anions. Probably a stacking is hindered by the presence of water in the interlayer regions, whic partially solvates the cations. As a consequence, an epitaxial deposition with formation of three-dimensionally ordered crystallites is not observed A structure mcxlel derived from the studies is diown in Fig. 12. 

Another demonstration of the impact of upd on bulk deposition is provided by Pb and T1 deposition on Ag(lll) and Ag(lOO), where the orientation of the three-dimensional crystallites reflects the epitaxially relationship established by the upd layer [341]. For example, in the case of Pb deposition on Ag(lll) [395], a two-dimensional layer, Ag(lll)[110] compressed 2D hep Pb [110] R 4.5°, is initially formed followed by nucleation of a three-dimensional cluster having the same orientational relationship, Ag(lll)[110] 3DPb(lll)[110] R4.5°. 

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