Three-dimensional composition profile

The three-dimensional composition profile in Figure 7.10 reveals a potential problem for the operation of the MeAc column the top product MeAc is a saddle and a further increase in the MeAc/H20 azeotrope in the MeOH-free composition space. Figure 7.11 shows the nonmonotonic behavior in the acetate composition as we change the reflux flowrate while keeping the bottoms water purity at 98%. Controlling a point near a saddle is not an easy task, and reports on this difficulty can be found in the literature. 

Another widely used application for SIMS is ion imaging, which shows secondary ion intensities as a function of spatial location on the sample surface (Figure 7.46). Further, if imaging is performed in tandem with depth profiling, a three-dimensional compositional map of a sample may also be generated (Figure 7.46). Two modes of imaging via SIMS are possible ... 

Fig. 19 Polymerization reaction of oxetane and CO2 catalyzed by (salen)CrCl and two equivalents of n-Bu4NBr at 70°C (salen ligand contains a cyclohexylene backbone for the diimine and t-butyl substituents in the 3,5-positions of the phenolates). (a) Three-dimensional infrared traces of the closely overlapped VCO2 bonds of TMC and poly(TMC). (b) Reaction profile as a function of time, where only a select number of composite infrared bands were deconvoluted...

Immediately after the isolation of macroscopic quantities of Cgo solid [298], highly conducting [299] and superconducting [141] behaviors were verified for the K-doped compounds prepared by a vapor-solid reaction (Haddon, Hebard, et al.). Crystallographic study based on the powder X-ray diffraction profile revealed that the composition of the superconducting phase is KsCeo and the diffraction pattern can be indexed to be a face-centered cubic (fee) structure with a three-dimensional electronic pathway [300]. The lattice parameter (a = 14.24 A) is apparently expanded relative to the undoped cubic Ceo = 14.17 A). The superconductivity has been observed for many A3C60 (A alkali metal), e.g., RbsCeo (Tc = 29 K... 

In overcoming the shortcomings of the earlier models, Dave et al. [21,22] proposed a comprehensive three-dimensional consolidation and resin flow model that can be used to predict the following parameters during cure (1) the resin pressure and velocity profiles inside the composite as a function of position and time, (2) the consolidation profile of the laminate as a function of position and time, and (3) resin content profile as a function of position and time. 

To examine the NF temperature coefficient, a detailed three-dimensional Monte Carlo model was made of the NF-Zepo (a zero-power LASL critical-assembly mockup of NF). This model contained 370 space cells and 15 material compositions. A hot temperature profile corre-, sponding to that in tiie transport calculations was used. The Monte Carlo calculations gave keff = 1.000 0.004 for a room-temperature core (measured keff = 1.000) and keff = 0.978 0.004 for the hot core, i.e., Ak = -0.022 9b 0.006 (- 3.1 0.8). This is consistent with the transport calculations. 

Bolted connections between GFRP profiles of (a) three-dimensional frame (courtesy of Strongwell) and (b) pedestrian bridge (courtesy of Fiberline Composites). 

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