3-dimensional profiles

Luthy, R., Bowie, J.U. and Eisenberg, D. (1992) Assessment of protein models with 3-dimensional profiles. Nature 356 83-85. 

Liithy R, J U Bowie and D Eisenberg 1992. Assessment of Protein Models with Three-Dimensional Profiles. Nature 356 83-85. 

Wool [32] has considered the fractal nature of polymer-metal and of polymer-polymer surfaces. He argues that diffusion processes often lead to fractal interfaces. Although the concentration profile varies smoothly with the dimension of depth, the interface, considered in two or three dimensions is extremely rough [72]. Theoretical predictions, supported by practical measurements, suggest that the two-dimensional profile through such a surface is a self-similar fractal, that is one which appears similar at all scales of magnification. Interfaces of this kind can occur in polymer-polymer and in polymer-metal systems. 

The basic principle underlying the development of images is simple (Lauterber, 1973). Consider a body cavity containing two pools of water in different quantities. In a uniform magnetic field, the NMR spectrum will consist of a single peak, since all the water molecules will process at the same frequency, irrespective of their spatial location. If, however, a linear field gradient is applied in the x -direction, the Larmor frequency of the water will increase linearly across the sample as a function of the x -coordinate, thereby creating a one-dimensional profile, or spectrum, of the sample (Fig. 7.21). 

Fig. 5.1.5 Quantitative data on the correlation of biofilm and velocity for a slice perpendicular to the flow axis. The images on the left are from top to bottom T2 map, z velocity component, x velocity component and y velocity component. One dimensional profiles through lines A, in bulk fluid, and B, intersecting biofilm fluid interface, are shown on the right. The biofilm signal indicator, dotted grey line, has been normalized so that zero corresponds to no biomass and 1 corresponds to the highest...

Since the positive background is in the form of ions, it is not really a continuous density profile depending only on the coordinate perpendicular to the interface. The electron density, though always smoother than the positive charge density, is likewise more complicated than a one-dimensional profile. However, it is rare to see calculations for the electron density which take into account inhomogeneities in the parallel directions, except when adsorbed atoms are being considered. 

Three-Dimensional Considerations Discrimination of common protein folds application of protein structure to sequence/structure comparisons, 266, 575 three-dimensional profiles for measuring comparability of amino acid sequence with three-dimensional structure, 266, 598 SSAP sequential structure alignment program for protein structure comparison, 266, 617 understanding protein structure using scop for fold interpretation, 266,... 

The mathematical expression of the three-dimensional profile of radiant power or irradiance calculated in accord with the ESVE model is given in Eq. (79) [117]. 

Figure 7.1 Spectral image for an observation line across five different polymer samples with different sizes (left to right polystyrene, PS polyoxymethylene, POM high density polyethylene, PE-HD polypropylene, PP acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, ABS). The left-side image shows the two-dimensional grey-scale image as delivered from the spectral imaging system, the right-hand image shows it as a three-dimensional profile plot to illustrate the spectral content.

To qualitatively identify the shape of individual particles in the drug delivery system, single particles were identified on ten serial microscopic sections. The profiles of the particle on each section were digitized and the consecutive two-dimensional profiles were reconstructed in three dimensions using a SpaceGraph 3D display (Genisco). The display permitted qualitative examination of the reconstructed particle in all directions. 

There-dimensional profiling possible with vertical resolutions down to 0.1 A... 

For the one-dimensional profile now under consideration, the hydrodynamics of the top dilute region can be described by... 

Wang et al. [60] built a one-dimensional profile of a hERG-active compound from 10 known hERG blockers, and tested it for the ability to discriminate between hERG blockers and MDDR-derived decoys. One-dimensional profiling involves projecting a molecule from either 3D or 2D onto a single... 

Luthy R, Bowie JU, Eisenberg D. Assessment of protein models with three-dimensional profiles. Nature 1992 356 83-5. 

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