Third generation companies

Westendorf, R.G. (1988) Performance of a Third Generation Gyrofocusing Trap for Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography. Paper presented at the 39th Pittsburgh Conference, February 1988, New Orleans, LA. Tekmar Company, P.O. Box 371856, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45222-856. 

Figure (Continued Third-generation metal random packings, (e) HcKp (f) FLEXIMAX (Parti e and f courtesy of Koch Engineering Company, lnc. ...

A different technology used by third-generation sequencers is the one developed by companies such as Halcyon or ZS Genetics that uses a rapid-scan tunneling electron microscope to read the DNA chain directly (44). DNA bases have to be labeled with heavy atoms to make them visible under the electron microscopy. Each nucleotide is tagged with a characteristic heavy label so that they can be distinguished in the transmission electron micrograph. 

The past decades witnessed a major decrease in the number of newly discovered compounds. In an almost 40-year period (1962-2000), no new class of antibiotic was introduced to the market (nalidixic acid in 1962, the oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid in 2000) [44, 45]. The major reason for the decrease in the number of newly discovered compounds might be a decline in screening efforts [37]. Ironically, some of the leading pharmaceutical companies are currently cutting back their antiinfective programs, especially for natural products [46]. They rather focus their activities on the semisynthetic modification of existing antibiotics to produce second- and third-generation antibiotics with improved properties. 

During the third era, conflict developed regarding unfair competition between pipeline-owned gas and that owned by third parties. As a result, the Commission imposed rules in 1992 to divorce the ownership of gas within the pipeline. Thereafter, all the gas flowing in the major trunk gas pipelines was owned by third parties mostly the gas distributors and power-generating companies (and some gas marketers as the gas market became more liquid and competitive). 

The extensive research invested by many companies in this third generation of diphenyl ether chemistry resulted in many active molecules, but no successful commercial product. 

Figure 3.4 (Continued) Third-generation plastic random packings. (e> Intalox Snow-flsdse packing (f) LANPAC

The third generation process concerns the Ruhrchemic-RhonePoulene process utilizing a two-phase system containing water-soluble rhodium-tppts in one phase and the product butanal in the organic phase. The process has been in operation in Oberhausen since 1984 by Celanese, as the company is called today. The. system will be discussed in Chapter 7. Since 1995 this process is also used for the hydroformylation of 1 -butene. 

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