Thinking stages

Although human wonder and minds are the sources of uncertainty in forms of vagueness, dubiousness, incompleteness they also serve to overcome problems through human experience, expert views (Chap. 5). The uncertainty concepts in understanding complex problems are dependent on observations, experiences and conscious expert views. When problems are solved, there is always remaining uncertainty that paves the way for future developments. Thus, scientific solutions cannot be taken as absolute truths in positivistic manner. 

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Coherent but tangential thinking Stage 2 (frank mania) ... 

This is the process that we go through, usually without thinking, to get from an observation to an action. These unconscious-thinking stages can be seen as rungs on a ladder and are demonstrated in Figure 3.1. 

C. Big secret 2...Quack ...One MUST filter this 600+ ml of ether...but a duck can t do this all at once...so one must fitter in vacuum filter in 200 ml portions...changing the duck paper every time and wash the filter cake with ether...Dr. Quack thinks a vacuum filter (apirator) at this stage is a must..Quack ... 

Creative thinking is important not only in new process development, but also in continually reviewing and reevaluating existing processes for opportunities to make the process inherently safer. Many of the tools and techniques discussed in Section 4.2, on Research, are useful in the process development stage as well. It is appropriate to revisit the basic chemistry to study alternate options. 

It may be useful to consider the program plan, at this stage of its development. as your company s ideal," within the limitations you have established for its scope. By first identifying what is needed, independent of the constraints of time or resources, you emphasize the tasks themselves as the substance of the plan—the core that drives decisions about resource allocations, rather than the other way around. (For example, see Figure 5-7) The result may prompt your team to think more creatively about schedule and resource requirements, as discussed in the following sections. 

The simplest way of thinking about the entropic contribution is to consider the half-way stage in the formation of a chelate complex (Fig. 8-3). 

The next stage, which we ought to try to reach as soon as possible, is that of measurement of physical parameters of the systems so as to relate hot atom chemistry to other areas of physical chemistry. Here one would think immediately of the possible use of electron spin resonance to observe the existence and stability of the various radical species which have been postulated or inferred to occur in several systems -Cr(CO)j., Mn(CO)5, -FeCp, As 2> others. One might... 

The two variables most strongly associated with the occurrence of breast cancer are gender and age. Although one commonly thinks of breast cancer as a disease confined to women, about 1,720 cases of male breast cancer were projected to be diagnosed in the United States in 2006.1 When stage and other known prognostic factors are controlled for, men do not fare any differently from their female counterparts and receive similar treatment regimens. 

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