Thickness Attainable

Ferritic nitrocarburizing Sputter coating Vy////A hhl n033 ranao 

Kovacs, Commercial and Economic Trends in Ion Nitriding/ Carburizing, in Ion Nitriding and Ion Carburizing, ASM International, 1990, p 5-12 

Stevens, Surface Engineering to Combat Wear and Corrosion A Design Guide, The Institute of Materials, London, United Kingdom, 1997 

Budinski, Selecting a Wear-Resistant Surface, Chapter 12, in Surface Engineering for Wear Resistance, Prentice-Hall, 1988, p 303-345 

---

When the craze thickness attains the critical value A , craze fibrils break down and a microcrack nucleates with a related vanishing normal stress. 

This inequality is the most severe condition of the hydrodynamic stability of the liquid film [241]. Therefore, an instability and rupture of the film are considered to occur when the film thickness attains a critical value /icr, as the liquid flows out of the film. The critical thickness is determined by the condition... 

To explain the total suppression of adsorption capacity from the moment of disappearance of half of the zeolitic phase and the appearance of a closed macropososity, it seems necessary to invoke the hypotheses of Wolf (6, 7) the solid-solid transformation begins at the periphery of the particle and progresses toward the center. It is sufficient to cause the shell of product B to break in order to bring about the residual zeolitic phase and thus find the properties of the microporous solid. After thermal treatment at 670 °C, calculation indicates the presence of 37 volume % of solid B. If a cubic particle with an edge equal to 1 micron is considered, the thickness attained by the layer of solid B impervious to water is close to 0.1 micron. 

However, the developed thickness attained was only 30% even at a ... 

Firstly, let us consider the source(s) of the reserves laid down in these seeds. The pea pod (formed from the ovary wall) first increases in length and width, and then in wall thickness, attaining maximum fresh weight before the seeds contained therein commence their deposition of storage reserves [58]. It... 

We set f = 10 s and use Equation 4.11g to obtain an approximate value of the depth of penetration ("film thickness") attained in that time ... 

Distortion or size change tendencies Thickness attainable... 

Hot-galvanizing steel is immersed in a melt of liquid zinc typical cover thicknesses attained in this process range from 30 to about 150 pm... 

Lamellar Thickness. The factors that control lamellar thickness are discussed in Section V. Within the limits imposed by molecular considerations, the thicknesses of lamellae are determined by the temperature at which they form. Increasing the molecular weight or branch content of a sample will restrict the configurations available for crystallization and hence will limit the maximum lamellar thickness attainable. Figures 38, 39, and 40, respectively, illustrate the effects of temperature, molecular weight, and branch content on the thickness of lamellae crystallized from the melt. 

In typical electrochemical measurements, the Nernst-diffusion-layer thickness attains values in the range 10 -10 cm. Since in aqueous solutions at room temperature the diffusion coefficient is of the order of 10 cm s this yields limiting current densities in the range 0.01-1. OmAcm, when n=l and the concentration of the electroactive species in solution is 1.0 mM. 

---