Thermodynamic roles

The energy released by hydrolysis of ATP and the other nucleoside triphosphates is accounted for by the structure of the triphosphate group. The bond between the ribose and the a phosphate is an ester linkage. The a, ft and ft,y linkages are phosphoanhydrides (Fig. 8-40). Hydrolysis of the ester linkage yields about 14 kJ/mol under standard conditions, whereas hydrolysis of each anhydride bond yields about 30 kJ/mol ATP hydrolysis often plays an important thermodynamic role in biosynthesis. When coupled to a reaction with a positive free-energy change, ATP hydrolysis shifts the equilibrium of the overall process to favor product forma-... 

The property concept may appear so generic as not to require special attention. However, for thermodynamic purposes, the considered set of properties differs significantly from that in other areas of science. Allowed thermodynamic properties are closely tied to specific experimental circumstances of the chosen system, including its quiescence and stability, and a number of the variables that are commonly assumed in a Newtonian mechanical description (such as position and momentum) play no thermodynamic role. The following definition may be adopted ... 

Finally, it will be shown (Section 11.8) that the basic observation (5.77a) is already a consequence of inductive laws that were previously incorporated in the Gibbsian formalism. Thus, even the Nemst heat theorem and Fowler-Guggenheim unattainability statement (although meaningful and valid) are essentially superfluous, bringing no new content to the thermodynamic formalism. We therefore conclude that all formulations of the third law fail one or more of the above criteria, and thus play no useful thermodynamic role as addenda to the Gibbsian formalism. 

In addition to their thermodynamic role of temperature regulation in living organisms, where they perform the same function for man as they do for the inorganic surface of the earth, water molecules are important for structural and mechanistic reasons. 

On the Microphysics of the Aerosols and Their Radiative and Thermodynamic Role... 

Condensed phase parameters do not influence the mass flux (except that Qc appears in the thermodynamic role of contributing to Tf). 

Transition from a dense sand to a slurry, a phase change akin to melting of an alloy, with porosity playing the thermodynamic role of temperature. 

MBBE-6 is adopted for the PVT studies in Section 7.4 as a model for main-chain polymer LCs on the assumption that the spatial configuration and thus the thermodynamic roles of the flexible spacer are nearly identical as long as the chemical structure... 

The product of the activity coefficient and the molar fiaction is known as the activity of the component in the solution. The activity in a real solution plays the same thermodynamic role as does the molar fraction in a perfect solution ... 

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