Thermo-catalytic

Battelle has developed an efficient process for the thermo-catalytic conversion of succinate into pyrrolidones, especially N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The process uses both novel Rh based catalysts and novel aqueous process conditions and results in high selectivities and yields of pyrrolidone compounds. The process also includes novel methodology for enhancing yields by recycling and converting non-useful side products of the catalysis into additional pyrrolidone. The process has been demonstrated in both batch and continuous reactors. Additionally, stability of the unique Rh-based catalyst has been demonstrated. 

Furans and some of its derivatives have been cyclopropanated with the ketocarbenoids derived from ethyl diazoacetate and copper catalysts. The 2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-enes thus formed are easily ring-opened to 1,4-diacylbutadienes thermally, thermo-catalytically or by proton catalysis 14,136). The method has been put to good use by Rh2(OAc)4-catalyzed cyclopropanation of furan with diazoketones 275 to bicyclic products 276. Even at room temperature, they undergo electrocyclic ring-opening and cis, trans-dienes 277a are obtained with fair selectivity 257,258). These compounds served as starting materials in the total syntheses 257 259) of some HETE s (mono-... 

Thermo-Catalytic Oxidation of Dihydroxybenzenes in the Presence of Nanoparticle Iron Oxide... 

Thermo-Catalytic C02-Free Production of Hydrogen Using Hydrocarbon Fuels Florida Solar Energy Center... 

M. Calahan, Thermo-catalytic hydrogen generation from hydrocarbon fuels. From Electrocatalysis to Fuel Cells. G. Sanstede, ed., Battelle Seattle Research Center (1972)... 

Al-Yassir. N, and le van Mao, R., Catalysts for the thermo-catalytic cracking (TCC) process Interaction between the yttria in yttria-doped alumina aerogel and the mono-oxide MoO,. CeOj, and bi-oxide MofT-CeOj species, Appl. Catal. A, 332, 273, 2007. 

Develop a robust thermo-catalytic process for producing hydrogen from readily available non-recyclable post-consumer materials and residues, such as spent plastics, organic solid residues, and waste grease. 

FIGURE 15.13 Hydrocarbon content of gasoline fraction produced by bitumen processing. TCC, thermo-catalytic cracking RTC, radiation-thermal cracking. 

The wider range of fuel choice for SOFC also calls in for advanced electrode materials for achieving the maximum performance. There is a considerable effort going on aimed at improving the thermo-catalytic, structural, and electrical properties of SOFC electrodes [54,17]. In a noted review, it is said that, Although cost is clearly the most important barrier to the widespread SOFC implementation, perhaps the most important technical barriers currently being addressed relate to the electrodes, particularly the fuel electrode or anode [37]. 

Resolving the details of processes such as heat transfer, mass transfer, thermo-catalytic chemistry and electrochemistry in each unit cell of a fuel ceU stack is an inherently complex task and extremely computational intensive. In most cases the temperature distribution significantly influences the performance of the cell. A reasonable approach towards exploration of detailed processes within the cell stack is considering a single channel with appropriate boundary conditions. However, the temperature boundary condition that one can impose strongly depends on the unit cell s position within the stack and the surrounding cells temperature. It is quite rational to assume isothermal conditions for a cell located in the center of the stack. However, this assumption may not be a reasonable one for outermost cells in the stack. Therefore, to adequately understand the macroscopic processes it is necessary to visit both isothermal and adiabatic operational regimes. 

Another company offering gas-heated IR radiators is Thermo Catalytic Systems Ltd (www.thermocatalytic.com). Reported applications concern the accelerated curing of coatings and of heat-sensitive lacquers applied onto wood and wood-based products. Thermocatalytic heaters provide an economical source of heat, which is safe even in the presence of flammable solvent liquids and vapors. The basic types of emitter are designed to operate within defined limits of temperature determined by their construction and materials. 

Aguado, J., et al., 2007. Feedstock recycling of polyethylene in a two-step thermo-catalytic reaction system. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 79 (1—2), 415—423. 

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