Thermal and Calorimetric Methods

Second, the preparation of new chemicals for new pharmaceutical products, synthetic materials and foods could add to the hazards which workers and customers face. Thermal instability and explosive behaviour can be extremely destructive and costly events. Reaction calorimetry and similar techniques can help to predict the likely behaviour of chemicals when reactions, transport and storage are concerned. Physiological behaviour may vary with the nature and form of a drug, and the nature and interconversion of these forms is often studied by thermal and calorimetric methods. 

General Analytical Chemistry Books with Chapters on Thermal and Calorimetric Methods... 

A calorimeter suitably adapted to heat of adsorption measurements is required to present high sensitivity and thermal stability and large interval of utilization temperature. Bruzzone [129] and Hansen and Russell [130] reviewed and compared various types of calorimeters and calorimetric methods. 

Giron, D. (1995). Thermal analysis and calorimetric methods in the characterization of polymorphs and solvates, Thermochim. Acta, 248 1-59. 

There a number of interrelated thermal analytical techniques that can be used to characterize the salts and polymorphs of candidate drugs. As noted in Table 3.8, the melting point of a salt can be manipulated to produce compounds with desirable physicochemical properties for specific formulation types. Giron (1995) has reviewed thermal analytical and calorimetric methods used in the characterization of polymorphs and solvates. Of the thermal methods available for investigating polymorphism and related phenomena, DSC, TGA and hot stage microscopy (HSM) are the most widely used. 

According to the underlying principle, the methods are grouped into spectroscopic, thermal and calorimetric, adsorption and wetting, isotopic exchange, microscopic, scattering, and chemical reactions techniques (Table II) (14-29), This chapter is not a comprehensive treatment of all methods in depth. Results of spectroscopic and adsorption methods are discussed for aspects of content of information, validity, applicability, and limitations. 

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