Theoretical ratio capacity

In a lead-acid battery, according to Reaction 5.3, the quantity of active materials for Pb02, Pb, and H2SO4 can be calculated to be 4.469, 3.860, and 3.660 g for 1.0-Ah capacity. The total quantity of active materials is 11.98 g/Ah, as seen in Table 5.11. In practice, 1 kg of active materials will give a capacity of 83.472 Ah, which is called theoretical ratio capacity [17]. 

The curves show that the peak capacity increases with the column efficiency, which is much as one would expect, however the major factor that influences peak capacity is clearly the capacity ratio of the last eluted peak. It follows that any aspect of the chromatographic system that might limit the value of (k ) for the last peak will also limit the peak capacity. Davis and Giddings [15] have pointed out that the theoretical peak capacity is an exaggerated value of the true peak capacity. They claim that the individual (k ) values for each solute in a realistic multi-component mixture will have a statistically irregular distribution. As they very adroitly point out, the solutes in a real sample do not array themselves conveniently along the chromatogram four standard deviations apart to provide the maximum peak capacity. 

Alloy formula Li/Sn atomic ratio Theoretical specific capacity, mA-h/g... 

Calculation of binding capacity if IgG is the antibody used for immobilization the molar ratio between the IgG and the antigen (analyte) is 1 2 because IgG is bivalent. Thus, the theoretical binding capacity of the column is as follows ... 

Coefficient of discharge Also called the K factor, the ratio of the measured relieving capacity to the theoretical relieving capacity. It determines the flow... 

An additional calibration constant is required for accurate MTDSC experiments this is the heat capacity calibration. The heat capacity constant is calculated as the ratio of the theoretical heat capacity of a known standard to the measured heat capacity of the material. The heat capacity constant is sensitive to changes in the modulation conditions, especially the frequency of modulation. 

The theoretical gravimetric capacity is the ratio of the amoimt of electricity which can theoretically be released by using all of the active material of an electrode or a secondary battery, to the mass of that active material. This value has to be calculated. For this reason, we sometimes find extremely high values, having nothing whatsoever to do with the reality of the situation, as is sometimes the case with lithium-air secondary batteries (see Chapter 10). 

Figure 6.8 shows the charge and discharge profile of a copper-based nanofilm electrode of 30 nm thickness and 65 pg mass under 3 pA current intensity ( 1.5 C-rate], Cycle capacity expressed in mAh/g and in Li/Cu theoretical ratio is depicted in Figs. 6.9a and 6.9b, respectively. Unlike in Cr, Mn, and Co metals case, surprisingly the initial discharge capacity of the copper nanofilm is rather low (39 mAh/g], which increases to 75 mAh/g in the second cycle and then stabilizes around 70 mAh/g (Lio.iyCu] after 8 cycles, with a cycle efficiency of 85%. 

As already mentioned, there are two so called "dead volumes" that are important in both theoretical studies and practical chromatographic measurements, namely, the kinetic dead volume and the thermodynamic dead volume. The kinetic dead volume is used to calculate linear mobUe phase velocities and capacity ratios in studies of peak variance. The thermodynamic dead volume is relevant in the collection of retention data and, in particular, data for constructing vant Hoff curves. 

Equation (18) displays the relationship between the column efficiency defined in theoretical plates and the column efficiency given in effective plates. It is clear that the number of effective plates in a column is not aii arbitrary measure of the column performance, but is directly related to the column efficiency as derived from the plate theory. Equation (18) clearly demonstrates that, as the capacity ratio (k ) becomes large, (n) and (Ne) will converge to the same value. 

Equation (33) shows that the maximum capacity ratio of the last eluted solute is inversely proportional to the detector sensitivity or minimum detectable concentration. Consequently, it is the detector sensitivity that determines the maximum peak capacity attainable from the column. Using equation (33), the peak capacity was calculated for three different detector sensitivities for a column having an efficiency of 10,000 theoretical plates, a dead volume of 6.7 ml and a sample concentration of l%v/v. The results are shown in Table 1, and it is seen that the limiting peak capacity is fairly large. 

The alternative expression for resolution given in equation (7) demonstrates that the plate resolution, as in other forms of chromatography, depends on the number of theoretical plates, the selectivity and the capacity ratio of the solute for the particular plate concerned. In practice, however, the expression given in equation (7) appears to be the more practically useful for TLC. separations. 

Graph of Minimum Separation Ratio for a Solute Pair that Can Be Separated on a Column of 25,000 Theoretical Plates against Capacity Ratio of the First Eluted Solute... 

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