The sp n 1-3 hybrid orbitals

The sp hybrid state of nitrogen is just like that of carbon except nitrogen has one more electron Each N—H bond in NH3 involves overlap of an sp hybrid orbital of N with a li orbital of hydrogen The unshared pair of NH3 occupies an sp orbital 

Describe the bonding in ammonia assuming sp hybridization of nitrogen In what kind of orbital is the unshared pair What orbital overlaps are involved in the N—H bonds ,  

Each sp (P hybrid orbital is overlapped by a half-filled 2p orbital from fluorine, to form a Se and Te, in the same group, form total of six covalent bonds, analogous compounds. O cannot do so, for the same reasons as discussed earlier for N (see Section 8-11). 

As another example, the 2s and 2p orbitals on the two N atoms of N2 can be formed into pairs of sp hybrids on each N atom plus a pair of p atomic orbitals on each N atom. The sp hybrids directed 

Each N—H bond is formed by the overlap of a Is orbital of a hydrogen atom with one of the sp hybrid orbitals of the nitrogen atom. 10.6 Each P—Cl bond is formed by the overlap of a phosphorus sp d hybrid orbital with a singly occupied 3p chlorine orbital. 10.7 The C atom is sp hybridized. 

Coulson and Moffitf established a bent bond model of 1 by elaborating ideas first proposed by Forster ". They determined sp" (CC) and sp (CH) hybrid orbitals with optimal hybridization ratios n and m to describe bonding in 1. Calculations showed that, for 1, the p-character of the CC hybrid orbitals has to be increased from sp to sp" while the s- 

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