The context of activation

We will see in discussing the Phase Rule that the choice of components in studying or discussing systems is often not a simple matter. One aspect of this choice which is best presented in the context of activities is the choice of the mole of a solute component, a factor that is important particularly in the case of crystalline solutions. 

Further considerations in the context of activated adsorption can be made concerning the internal energy distributions of adsoibing and desorbing molecules. More detail about this and the effect of an activation barrier of adsorption on the characteristics of adsorption and desorption can be found in chapter 3.12. 

Cheng and Pantelides (1988) pioneered an approach in which the locations of active controllers were optimized in terms of a controllability index. This controllability index as defined by them is a measure associated with the structure s response to a specific earthquake. The basic idea underlying the controllability index method is that a controller is optimally placed when it is located at a position where the displacement or relative displacement response ofthe uncontrolled system i s the maximum. Though it was done in the context of active control, the philosophy was very much applicable for addressing the positioning issues in passive control. 

In recent years, it has become increasingly popular to talk about self-healing in the context of active pigments and in fact, new concepts and materials are under investigation and development to complement the range of usable substances. These new concepts will briefly be explained in Section 1.8 of this paper. 

But how do we then measure safety Safety is an attribute of a product/system considered in the context of activities for meeting a specific goal. Safety is concerned with physical artefacts and in common with any other it has cost implications (Bradshaw, 1998). An artefact is unsafe if it can cause a hazard which may lead to unacceptable harm (i.e. an accident causing injury, loss of life, material damage or environmental damage). But what is unacceptable harm ... 

M icrogel particles may swell or deswell in the presence of other species, in addition to small ions or added co-solvent molecules. This is of particular relevance in their potential application as controlled uptake/release systems, which is the main focus of this review. In the following sections we discuss this aspect of microgel particles, in particular in the context of active species used in biomedical and industrial applications. 

---