The Clinkering Process in Industrial Mixes

The simultaneous presence of sulphate ions with alkalis somewhat decrease the process rate, but it is farther much higher than for CaO. Thus it can be assumed that in industrial clinkers the C2S dissolution rate is from three to five times higher than this of calcium oxide. 

Fluorine and chlorine up to 1 % have the strongest decreasing effect on the viscosity of clinker melt [41], but further increase of their content gives the qnick increase of viscosity as a result of crystallization of chnker phases. As the infrared spectra has shown they increase also the share of octahedral groups [MOJ.  

The initial oversaturation of the melt towards ahte is low and principally the heterogeneous nucleation takes place, primarily as a result of the decrease of Gibbs free energy on phases boundary [42]. In this initial period alite nucleation can occiu 

Alite crystallizing from the melt has very differentiated morphology. Frequently of very disturbed constitution. Maki [42] distinguishes two periods of alite crystals growth quick and in condition close to equilibrium. The crystals formed during the quick growth period contains the inclusions of liquid phase. They are usually in the core of crystals. In the similar conditions the inclusions of small crystals of C2S and CaO as well as air bubbles can be formed. The latter, according to Maki, as 

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