The antimicrobial granule enzymes

Figure 4 Stabilized bromine antimicrobials are produced by eosinophils, a type of mammalian white blood cell. Bacteria are captured by phagocytosis and contained intracellularly within vesicles called phagosomes. Granules release cationic surfactants, lytic enzymes, and eosinophil peroxidase into the phagosome in a process known as degranulation. Eosinophil peroxidase, an enzyme that is structurally similar to the bromoperoxidases found in seaweed (Figure I), selectively catalyzes oxidation of bromide to hypobromite by reducing hydrogen peroxide to water. The hypobromite immediately reacts with nitrogenous stabilizers such as aminoethanesulfonic acid (taurine) to form more effective and less toxic antimicrobial agents.

The final formulation of liquid detergent enzymes includes addition of stabilizers, antimicrobial substances, and glycols. This is followed by a final polish filtration to provide a clear liquid. If the enzyme broth is slated for dry product, the concentrate can either be stored for later use or applied directly for granulates. As with fermentation and downstream processing, formulations are often kept as closely guarded trade secrets in the biotechnology industry, and few publications on new approaches or new technologies are available in the literature. 

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