Tetraethylammonium perchlorate, as supporting

Table 11 Anodic oxidation of ST-Bu4NNu in acetonitrile with tetraethylammonium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte."...

Benzothiazolium salts in aqueous solution with tetraethylammonium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte are reduced in two one-electron steps.270 The first produces a radical that dimerizes with a radical-substrate reaction as the rate-determining step. The product is dimerized in the 2-position. Reduction at the potential of the second step produces the 2,3-dihydrobenzo-thiazole. 

Fig. 9. Cyclic polarogram of 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine (2.0 x 10-3 M) in acetonitrile platinum electrode, 0.1 M tetraethylammonium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte, scan rate 5.0 volts/min. The anodic peaks A and B are caused by the formation of the mono- and dication, respectively, and the cathodic peaks D and C by the reduction of these cations. From Nelson et al. 178...

The formation of rings in the pdymer chain by the pdymerization of nitrile groups has also been observed in the bulk pd3rmerization of acrylonitrile by Trifonov and Shopov. In this study of the electroinitiated pdymerization of acrylonitrile with tetraethylammonium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte, the polymer was formed on a germanium prism which was part of an internal reflection spectroscopy device. The appearance of the absorption band at 1570 cm" in the spectrum of Ae yellow colored polymer indicated the presence of conjugated multiple bonds idiich was also supported by uv absorption at a lot r wavelength 304 tun, compared to 271 nm for white polyacrylonitrile prepared by free-radical initiation. 

In dry aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile [28] with tetraethylammonium bromide as supporting electrolyte or dimethylformamide [29] with sodium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte, the ( ) / rneso ratio for pinacols rises substantially in favour of the ( )-form. Reduction of acetophenone in dimethylformamide in the presence of europium(ni) chloride leads to the ( )-pinacol only. Under these reaction conditions, europium(ii) is formed and dimerization occurs with the involvement of this ion and the ketone in a complex [30]... 

Ozaki and co-workers <1998TL8121> applied an electrochemical method for the synthesis of thietanes by the electroreduction of the acetylenic derivative of thioacetic acid 52. The electrochemical reaction was carried out in dimethylformamide (DMF) using tetraethylammonium perchlorate as a supporting electrolyte at a graphite plate electrode in the presence of an N,N -bis(salicylaldehydo)ethylenediamine (salen) nickel complex 54 (Equation 19). The desired 2-benzylidene-4-ethyl-thietane 53 was obtained in fair yield. 

The application of UV alone to monitor substrate oxidation product formation is limited to studies on polyunsaturated fats with conjugated oxidation products. Reverse-phase HPLC elution of conjugated and non-conjugated lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) can be followed electrochemically (concurrently with UV detection) so long as the eluent contains a supporting electrolyte (such as sodium chloride " or tetraethylammonium perchlorate ). 

Figure 7. Changes in absorption spectrum of DXA induced by the addition of lead perchlorate. Solvent acetonitrile containing tetraethylammonium perchlorate (O.IM) as a supporting electrolyte. The concentration in DXA is 1.0x10" M. Range of concentration in Pb + 0 - 5x10" M. Temperature 20 C. (Adapted from ref. 23).

A supporting electrolyte that produces negligible alkaline error, such as salts of magnesium, calcium, barium, or organic cations, should be used. Lithium chloride or sodium perchlorate are recommended for alcoholic media. Some common solvents in which tetrabutylammonium iodide (BU4NI) and tetraethylammonium perchlorate (Et4NC104) are soluble are listed in Chapter 3. 

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