Tetraethylammonium hexafluorophosphate

Experimental mass changes during PBT doping/undoping do not conform to the >j = 0 requirement. Figure 2 contains representative data for tetraethylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TEAPF) as the electrolyte. In accord with the general activity constraint (see above), solvent and salt do transfer. For PBT, these net neutral species transfers are in opposite directions. 

A volumetric flask (100 ml) is charged with 3-hexylthiophene (1.68 g 10 mmol) and tetraethylammonium hexafluorophosphate (0.69 g, 2.5 mmol) and made up to the mark with nitrobenzene. The solution is then purged with nitrogen for approximately an hour prior to use. 

RuCoO,SC Ruthenium, nonacarbonyl-p.,-thio-dicobalt-, 26 352 RuCo2OuCi, Ruthenium, undecacar-bonyldicobalt-, 26 354 RuCojNOi2C 2H2(i, Ruthenate(l -), dodeca-carbonyltricobalt-tetraethylammonium, 26 358 RuF12N4P2C (,H24, Ruthenium(II), tetrakis-(acetonitrile) (n4-1,5-cyclooctadiene)-bis[hexafluorophosphate(l -)], 26 72 RuF 2NBP2Ci2H36, Ruthenium(II), (V cyclooctadiene)tetrakis(methyl-hydrazine)-... 

In this Chapter the following common abbreviations are used CV, cyclic voltammetry RDE, rotating disk electrode rds, rate-determining step TBABF4, tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate TBAPF6, tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate TEAP, tetraethylammonium perchlorate TBAP, tetrabutylammonium perchlorate DMSO, dimethyl... 

Figure . Fluorescence iqiectra of the dichloromethane phases containing 2.00 X 10 M crown 4 after equilibration with aqueous solutions with the concentrations of KCl shown on the Figure. All aqueous phases initially have 2.00 X 10 M tetramethylammonium hexafluorophosphate and pH s set to ll.S using tetraethylammonium hydroxide.

The electrochemical polymerization of azulene produced thick films with conductivities ranging from 10" to 1 S cm" [374]. A platinum anode was immersed in a solution of 10" M azulene (Fig. 24) and 0.1 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluo-roborate, perchlorate, hexafluorophosphate, or p-toluenesulfonate in acetonitrile. 

Figure 13.8 Torsional actuation of twisted carbon nanotube yarns, (a) Twisted carbon nanotube yarn operating in 0.2 M tetrabutylam-monium hexafluorophosphate/acetonitrile electrolyte, (b) Paraffin impregnated carbon nanotube yarn operating in air. (c) Two-ply carbon nanotube yarn coated with a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) based tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEA.BF4) solid polyelectrolyte. (Panel (a) is from ref. 16 Foroughi et al. Torsional Carbon Nanotube Artificial Muscles , Science, 2011, 334, 494-497. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. Panel (b) is from ref. 17 Lima et al. Electrically, Chemically, and Photonically Powered Torsional and Tensile Actuation of Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Yarn Muscles , Science, 2012, 338, 928-932. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. Panel (c) is reprinted with permission from ref. 18 Lee et al. All-Solid-State Carbon Nanotube Torsional and Tensile Artificial Muscles , Nano Lett, 2014, 14, 2664-2669. Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society.)...

Initially, the first experiments [45] concerning the charge of platinum were performed in the presence of monovalent cations (Li+, Na+, K% and Cs ) associated with iodide anion, mainly for the purpose of solubility of these salts [40]. As will be explained later, in the study relative to tetraethylammonium salts, bromide, chloride, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, and several other ions could be used as well. With these experimental conditions, where no electroactive species are introduced in the solution, except the alkali metal iodides that was originally chosen as inert supporting electrolyte, a quasi-reversible peak is observed at the Pt microcathode (Figures 2.3 and 2.4). This unexpected cathodic current, Ip ... 

Interestingly, TMAC, although it is insoluble in 2-pyrrolidone, apparently reacts with py-K/C02 and influences the outcome of the polymerization. On the other hand, other insoluble onium salts, such as tetramethylammonium perchlorate, tetrafluoro-borate, and hexafluorophosphate, are unreactive and give approximately the same conversion and molecular weight as the control run without onium salt. Anong the soluble onium salts tested, tetraethylammonium chloride and tetramethylammonium acetate are quite effective to increase conversion and molecular weight but are not better than the insoluble TMAC (Table IV). 

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