Tetrachlorophthalates

Diallyl terephthalate [1026-92-2] is utilized less, but lenses made of copolymers with triaHyl cyanurate and methacrylates have been suggested (62). Diallyl tetrabromophthalate and tetrachlorophthalate polymers have been proposed for electronic circuit boards of low flammabiUty (63). They are uv-curable and solder-resistant. Copolymers with unsaturated polyester, vinyl acetate and DAP have been studied (64). 

Fluorination of tetrachlorophthalic acid hemihydrate with an excess of sulfur tetrafluoride, or of tetrachlorophthalic anhydride with a sulfur tetrafluonde-hydro-gen fluoride reagent, provides an efficient synthesis of 4,5,6,7- tetrachloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluorol,3-dihydroisobenzofuran. 3,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-benzoyl fluoride is formed as a by-product [217] (equation 111). 

Cyclization of 3,4,5,6-tetrachlorophthalic anhydride (8) in the presence of urea, Ihe appropriate metal salt and catalytic amounts of ammonium molybdate(VI) in nitrobenzene at high temperature leads to phthalocyanine 9. 

The pyrolysis of a number of compounds at temperatures around 600— 800° and at pressures of the order of 10 2 mm. has been shown to give rise to benzyne. These compounds include for example indanetrione 29>, and phthalic anhydride 30 38>. The dimerisation of benzyne to yield biphenylene has been used preparatively 31 33>, an(j the pyrolysis of tetrafluorophthalic anhydride 34>, and tetrachlorophthalic anhydride 3i-33) gave the corresponding octahalobiphenylenes. In the case of the pyrolysis of tetrachlorophthalic anhydride some hexachlorobenzene is also formed, while the pyrolysis of tetrabromophthalic anhydride results in the formation of hexabromobenzene but no octabromobiphenylene. The disproportionation of tetrabromobenzyne to form carbon and bromine is a function of the high temperature involved and, as we shall see later, both tetrabromo- and tetraiodo-benzyne behave normally in solution. 

Howe W et al Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride asthma Evidence for specific IgE antibody. J Allerg Clin hrnnun 71 5-11, 1983... 

Flaherty DK, Gross GJ, Winzenburger P, et al In vitro immunologic studies on a population of workers exposed to phthalic and tetrachlorophthalic anhydride. J Occup Med 30 785-790, 1988... 

Fluorination of tetrachlorophthalic acid with sulfur tetrafluoride alone or of tetrachlorophthalic anhydride with a sulfur tetrafluoride/hydrogen fluoride mixture provides an efficient synthesis... 

A one-step reaction between tetrachlorophthalic anhydride (22) and potassium fluoride in an autoclave at 300 r C affords a mixture of perfluoroanthraquinone (23) besides hexa- and hepta-fluoro derivatives. The mixture can be converted to 23 by reacting it with spray-dried potassium fluoride in tetramethylene sulfone at 150°C.114... 

Another group of halogenated fluorescein dyes is prepared by condensing chloro derivatives of phthalic anhydride with resorcinol, followed by bromination or iodination. Thus Phloxine B [18472-87-2] (Acid Red 92, Cl45410) (42) is prepared by condensing tetrachlorophthalic anhydride with resorcinol followed by tetrabromination. Phloxine B undergoes ethylation to yield the yellowish red acid dye Cyanosine B [6441 -80-1] (43). 

Di- -propyl tetrachlorophthalate is also a useful column coating because it reverses the positions of PX and MX. Thus, in the case of this column, MX elutes ahead of PX and provides better analysis for streams containing high purity PX. 

Proton donors may be present or formed at the beginning of copolymerization and are necessary for the formation of primary active centres. In such a case, initiation according to Fischer s mechanism 39,40 (Eq. (37)) does not take place. Although the formation of a zwitterion (betaine-like structure) supports the possibility of the generation of charge-transfer complexes between cyclic anhydrides and amines, which may yield betaine-like structures82), simple anhydrides are much weaker ti acceptors than the often employed tetrachlorophthalic anhydride. 

Di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate Diisodecyl adipate Decyl octyl adipate Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrachlorophthalate Diisodecyl phthalate Dinonyl phthalate OV-11... 

Rotational-echo double resonance NMR Tetramethyl bisphenol A polycarbonate Tetrachlorophthalic dimethyl ester Wiliams, Landel, Ferry... 

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