Tetrachloromethane, direct reaction with

Using the same reaction procedure described in the direct reaction of elemental silicon with methylene chloride or chloroform, the reaction of elemental silicon with a gaseous mixture of tetrachloromethane and hydrogen chloride afforded no tetrakis(chlorosilyl)methane instead, tris(chlorosilyl)methanes and bis(chlorosilyl)methanes were obtained, which were the same products derived from the reactions of chloroform and methylene chloride, respectively. This result may be rationalized by the decomposition of tetrachloromethane to chloroform and methylene chloride on the silicon-copper contact mass during the reaction, followed by reaction with elemental silicon to afford the products or by the decomposition reaction of partial silylated chloromethane intermediates.16... 

Nitration of monosubstituted aromatics, toluene in particular, has been extensively studied using zeolites in order to direct the reaction towards the formation of the desired para-isomer. Toluene has been nitrated para-selectively with benzoyl nitrate over zeolite catalysts.[14,15] For example, when mordenite is used as a catalyst, MNTs are formed in almost quantitative yields, giving 67 % of the para-isomer in 10 min, but tetrachloromethane is required as solvent. However, the main problems associated with the use of benzoyl nitrate are handling difficulties due to its sensitivity toward decomposition, and the tendency toward detonation upon contact with rough surfaces. Nagy et a/.[19 21] reported the nitration of benzene, chlorobenzene, toluene and o-xylene with benzoyl nitrate in the presence of an amorphous aluminosilicate, as well as with zeolites HY and ZSM-11, in hexane as a... 

Beside the electron transfer from the semiconductor to adsorbed molecular oxygen also the direct transfer to an organic molecule is possible. This type of photocatalytic reaction, yielding an organic radical anion, has been found to occur with 1,4-benzoquinone [18], tetrachloromethane [19], and several nitroaromatic compounds [20]. But electrons can also be transferred very efficiently to (adsorbed) metal cations [21]. 

A notable improvement in halogenation procedures by polyhalomethanes has been introduced by the group of Makosza616 who utilize 50% sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of triethylbenzylammonium chloride (TEBA) as a PTC. With this system phenyl-acetonitrile, fluorene and trichloroethylene are chlorinated by tetrachloromethane. Another useful PTC is Bu4NOH617. Similar procedures are practiced for the chlorination of sulfones618 and ketones619,620. The latter would normally react in secondary reactions under the above conditions. This is utilized for the direct a-hydroxylation of alkyl aryl ketones which are useful photoinitiators (equation 73)621 ... 

F a aiid are considered to be the susceptibiUties of the acid and base to undergo electrostatic interactions, and Ca and Cg are their susceptibilities to form covalent bonds. The heats of reaction can be measured by direct calorimetry or from shifts in IR spectra. An example of the latter is the shift in the OH stretching frequency of phenols (Av), when they react with amines in tetrachloromethane or tetrachloroethene, which is given by Eq. (4) [2]. 

The reaction of ammonium chloride or aqueous ammonia with chlorine provide product in the form of extremely dangerous oily drops at the bottom of the aqueous phase or as a film on the solution surface. Direct separation of nitrogen trichloride is a dangerous operation and it is therefore recommended to collect it by extraction. A suitable solvent for this operation is tetrachloromethane which cannot be further... 

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