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Ternary systems basic principles

In principle the investigation of ternary systems in the solid state thus presents the opportunity of measuring the I.R. spectra of proton addition complexes. In the case of strongly basic aromatic substances it is furthermore also possible to demonstrate the existence of a-complexes in the binary system aromatic substance-Lewis acid without the participation of protons (Perkampus et al., 1964c). [Pg.221]

Experimental data on only 26 quaternary systems were found by Sorensen and Arlt (1979), and none of more complex systems, although a few scattered measurements do appear in the literature. Graphical representation of quaternary systems is possible but awkward, so that their behavior usually is analyzed with equations. To a limited degree of accuracy, the phase behavior of complex mixtures can be predicted from measurements on binary mixtures, and considerably better when some ternary measurements also are available. The data are correlated as activity coefficients by means of the UNIQUAC or NRTL equations. The basic principle of application is that at equilibrium the activity of each component is the same in both phases. In terms of activity coefficients this... [Pg.459]

The use of simulation software to analyze this type of process is illustrated in Example 5, which considers a simplified ternary system for illustration. The simulation of an actual aromatics extraction process is more complex and can exhibit considerable difficulty converging on a solution however. Example 5 illustrates the basic considerations involved in carrying out the calculations. For more detailed discussion of process simulation and optimization methods, see Sei-der, Seader, and Lewin, Product and Process Design Principles Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation, 2d ed. (Wiley, 2004) and Turton et al.. Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes, 2d ed. (Prentice-Hall, 2002). [Pg.1742]

This chapter will cover both the synthesis and basic principles of modern, well-defined metal alkyhdenes related to their use in ROMP, ADMET-polymerization and alkyne metathesis polymerization. The term well-defined is limited to catalytic systems, usually metal alkyhdenes, that are characterized by a uniform and stoichiometric composition and for which the actual propagating species is well known and characterized. Consequently, the entire chemistry of standard binary or ternary systems such as WCl6/AlEt2Cl/ethanol has been neglected. Where ap-phcable, general aspects of the preparation of advanced materials via ROMP and alkyne-polymerization will be mentioned briefly. [Pg.155]


See other pages where Ternary systems basic principles is mentioned: [Pg.387]    [Pg.12]    [Pg.124]    [Pg.480]    [Pg.348]    [Pg.160]    [Pg.28]    [Pg.1122]    [Pg.107]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.227 ]




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Ternary systems

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