Terminology toxicology

Solecki R, Btirgin H, Buschmann J et al (2001) Harmonisation of rat fetal terminology and classification. Report of the third workshop on the terminology in developmental toxicology, Berlin, 14-16 September 2000. Reprod Toxicol 15 713-721... 

Solecki R, Bergmann B, Biirgin H et al (2003) Harmonization of rat fetal external and visceral terminology and classification. Report of the Fomth Workshop on the Terminology in Developmental Toxicology, Berlin, 18-20 April 2002. Reprod Toxicol 17 625-637... 

Paumgartten F et al (2009) Harmonization of terminology in developmental toxicology the quest for a more precise description and a harmonized classification of fetal observations. Reprod Toxicol 27(1) 8-13... 

Chahoud 1 et al (1999) Classification terms in developmental toxicology need for harmonisation. Report of the second workshop on the terminology in developmental toxicology Berlin, 27-28 Aug 1998. Reprod Toxicol 13 77-82... 

Sixth, approaches should be introduced with pharmacological transparency. A clear understanding of the researcher s biometrical approach (mechanistic assumption) is essential if confusion in mixture toxicology terminology is to be eliminated. The concept of additivity as a basis for an evaluation should be explicitly described as concentration addition, response addition, or another (new) concept, but should not be undefined. We recommend models that facilitate clear interpretation of effects and explicit critical judgment during the processing of data. 

Equation 4.2 allows the direct calculation (prediction) of an ECx value for the mixture. In general, no explicit formulation of the CA-expected mixture effect E(cMb) is possible direct calculations are restricted to the level of effect concentrations (ECx values) (Faust et al. 2001). Only in the so-called simple similar action cases can CA-expected mixture effects be directly calculated. Since the Saaresilka agreement (consensus agreement on mixture toxicology terminology Greco et al. 1992) simple similar action may be considered a special case of CA, which assumes that the individual curves of the components are concentration parallel that is, there is an effect-level independent constant potency factor between the individual concentration-response curves. On this condition, the CA-expected mixture effect can be explicitly formulated as... 

This section provides a brief summary of the current knowledge of radiation-induced health effects together with certain basic elements of radiation toxicology needed to understand the concepts and terminology that are associated with this discipline. 

As already mentioned above, there are several sets of terminology in the literature. It is therefore strongly recommended to adopt, in principle, one of these sets for validation in forensic and clinical toxicology and add slight... 

Aronson, J. K, Ferner, R E. (2005). Clarification of terminology in drug safety. Drug Safety An International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Drug Experience, 28(10), 851—870. 

Understand basic chemical and toxicological terminology and behavior. 

Understand chemical, radiological, and toxicological terminology and behavior. Recommendations from Appendix 1910.120, not mandatory,... 

Glossary contains definitions of industrial chemical, toxicological, application and process terminology that are used in this reference. 

A smaller value for reflects a greater concentration of the eomplex and therefore a greater affinity of the xenobiotic for the receptor. A larger refleets a lower affinity of the xenobiotic for the receptor. The toxicological terminology to reflect this fundamental behaviour is potency and efficacy. A more potent compound will show an effect at a lower concentration at the site of action reflecting a smaller K. Efficacy is a measure of the ability of a substance to elicit a full response compared to a standard. 

---