Teratogenesis assay systems

Fort, D.J., B.L. James, and J.A. Bantle. 1989. Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of five compounds with the frog embryo teratogenesis assay Xenopus (FETAX) and a metabolic activation system. Jour. Appl. Toxicol. 9 377-388. 

Fort DJ et al (1998) Phase III interlaboratory study of FETAX, Part 2 interlaboratory validation of an exogenous metabolic activation system for frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). Drug Chem Toxicol 21(1) 1-14... 

Fort, D.J., E.L. Stover, J.A. Bantle, J.R. Rayburn, M.A. Hull, R.A. Finch, D.T. Burton, S.D. Turley, D.A. Dawson, G. Linder, D. Buchwalter, M. Kumsher-King, and A.M. Gaudet-Hull. 1998. Phase III interlaboratory study of FETAX, Part 2 Interlaboratory validation of an exogenous metabolic activation system for frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). Drug Chem. Toxicol. 21(1) 1-14. 

Thcfrojj embryo teratogenesis assay (FETAX) is a similar ex vivo test based on a Xenopus laevis model. Fertilized eggs in the mid- to late-blastula stage are exposed to test compounds and scored for lethality, growth retardation, and malformations. An interlaboratory validation study with 12 compounds [13], including a metabolic activation system, provided repeatable data, and a recent publication from a pharma industry reported very positive results testing over 400 chemicals with 81 % predictivity and a minimal proportion of false-positive compounds [14]. 

Racemic 188-HC1 was found to be highly toxic and teratogenic in a frog embryo teratogenesis assay. The potency was increased with a cytochrome P-450 metabolic activation system [467],... 

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