Teratogen antiepileptics

Kaneko, S., Otani, K., Fukushima, Y., Ogawa, Y., Nomura, Y., Ono, T, Nake, Y., Teranishi, T, and Goto, M. (1988) Teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs analysis of possible risk factors. Epilepsia 29 459 67. 

Sullivan, F.M. and McElhatton, P.R. (1975) Teratogenic activity of the antiepileptic drugs phenobarbital, phenytoin, and primidone in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 24 271—282. 

Lindhout D, Hoppener RJEA, Meinardi H. Teratogenicity of antiepileptic drug combinations with special emphasis on epoxidation of carbamazepine. Epilepsia 1984 25 77-83. 

Kaneko S, Otani K, Fukushima Y, et al. Teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs analysis of possible risk factors. Epilepsia 1988 29 459 167. 

Lindhout D, Omtzigt JG. Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs implications for the management of epilepsy in women of childbearing age. Epilepsia 1994 35(Suppl... 

Arpino C, Brescianini S, Robert E, Castilla EE, Cocchi G, Cornel MC, de Vigan C, Lancaster PA, Merlob P, Sumiyoshi Y, Zampino G, Renzi C, Rosano A, Mastroiacovo P. Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs use of an International Database on Malformations and Drug Exposure (MADRE). Epilepsia 2000 41(11) 1436 3. 

Data from various studies in 1255 patients exposed to carbamazepine have been analysed to evaluate its potential teratogenicity (73). There was an increased rate of congenital anomalies, mainly neural tube defects, cardiovascular and urinary tract anomalies, and cleft palate. The combination of carbamazepine with other antiepileptic drugs was more teratogenic than carbamazepine monotherapy. Because this study was retrospective, the conclusions should not be seen as definitive. 

Teratogenicity Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs have been reviewed [95 ]. 

Teratogenicity Data from the Australian Register of Antiepileptic Drugs in Pregnancy were examined to determine the incidence of teratogenicity in women who took... 

Hill DS, Wlodarczyk BJ, Palacios AM, Fiimell RH. Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs. Expert Rev Neurother 2010 10(6) 943-59. 

Vajda FJ, Hitchcock AA, Graham J, O Brien TJ, Lander CM, Eadie MJ. The teratogenic risk of antiepileptic drug polytherapy. Epilepsia 2010 51(5) 805-10. 

All new information on the teratogenic effects of the most frequently used antiepileptic drugs has been reviewed [61 ]. T e prevalence of major congenital malformations associated with exposure to carbamazepine or lamotrigine was only marginally increased from expected, while malformation rates with valproate have been reported to be 2-4 times higher. This adverse outcome appears to be dose-related. 

Teratogenicity Of 147 patients 2% had chUdren with a major congenital malformation and 4.8% had a minor anomaly in all these patients, levetiracetam was associated with the use of other antiepileptic drugs [203 ]. 

Teratogenicity In an analysis of the medical records of 284 valproate-exposed pregnancies in the North American Antiepileptic Drug Pregnancy Registry 30 (11.0%) were associated with malformations [388 ]. There were 15/126 (12%) malformations in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy, 4/28 (14%) in patients with partial epilepsy, 9/105 (9%) in those... 

Tomson T, Battino D. Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic medications. Neurol Clin 2009 27(4) 993-1002. 

An analysis of birth defects associated with newer generation antiepileptic medications was performed [45 ]. Lamotrigine was associated with a slightly higher risk of isolated oral clefts (0.1-0.4%) compared to reference populations. The rate of all malformations associated with topiramate was 4.2-4.9%, with an increase in oral clefts with and without other anomalies. The limited information available now for gabapentin has shown no evidence of teratogenicity. 

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