Temperature scanning electron microscopy

J.S. Shah and A. Beckett, A preliminary evaluation of moist environment ambient temperature scanning electron microscopy (MEATSEM), Micron, 10 13-23, 1979. 

Microscopic analysis is the only method available for estimating ice crystal size in ice cream. Light microscopy, equipped with cold stage and image analysis, may be used for this purpose54. Low temperature scanning electron microscopy may also be used55. 

Photosynthetic activities of cells and organelles can be stablised by immobilisation on solid supports (Hall et al., 1987, Gisby et al., 1987). Here we report the results of our studies on ammonia and hydrogen production by A, azollae immobilized on polyvinyl and polyurethane foams under different experimental conditions. We also present the morphological features of cells immobilized on solid supports as revealed by low temperature scanning electron microscopy. 

Figure 12.2. The structure of ice cream mix and ice cream. (A). Fat globules (F) in mix with crystalline fat within the globule and adsorbed casein micelles (C), as viewed by thin section transmission electron microscopy. (B). Close-up of an air bubble (A) with adsorbed fat, as viewed by low temperature scanning electron microscopy. (C). Air bubble (A) with adsorbed fat cluster (FC) that extends into the unfrozen phase, as viewed by thin section transmission electron microscopy with freeze substitution and low temperature embedding.

Figure 25 Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy of (a) a portion of a soil macroaggregate with fungal material bridging soil particles (arrow) and (b) mucigel produced along fungal hyphae (arrow) (Caesar-TonThat and Cochran, 2000) (reproduced by permission of Springer Verlag from Biol. Fert.

Fig. 7. The effect of adsorbed protein on structure of ice-cream mix, ice cream, and melted ice cream. A-B, ice-cream mix with no surfactant and with added surfactant, respectively, as viewed by thin-section transmission electron microscopy. f= fat globule, c = casein micelle, arrow = crystalline fat, bar = 0.5 pm. See Reference 24 for methodology. C-D, ice cream with no surfactant and with added surfactant, respectively, as viewed by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy, a = air bubble, f = fat globule, bar = 4 pm. See Reference 34 for methodology. E-F, ice cream with no surfactant and with added surfactant respectively, as viewed by thin-section transmission electron microscopy with freeze substitution and low-temperature embedding. a = air bubble, f= fat globule, c = casein micelle, fc = fat cluster, bar = 1 pm. See Reference 13 for methodology. G-H, melted ice cream with no surfactant and with added surfactant respectively, as viewed by thin-section transmission electron microscopy. f= fat globule, c = casein micelle, fn = fat network, bar = 1 pm in G and 5 pm in H. See Reference 24 for methodology.

Caldwell, K.B., H.D. Goff, and D.W. Stanley, A Low-Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of Ice Cream. I. Techniques and General Microstructure, Food Struc. II 1-9(1992),... 

Bastacky J, Lee CY, Goerke J, Koushafar H, Yager D, Kenaga L, Speed TP, Chen Y, Clements JA. Alveolar fining layer is thin and continuous low-temperature scanning electron microscopy of rat lung. J Appl Physiol 1995, 79, 1615-1628. 

Jansson HB, Persson C, Odeslius R. Growth and capture activities of nematophagous fungi in soil visualized by low temperature scanning electron microscopy. Mycologia 92 10-15, 2000. 

Fig. 5.2. Principle of low temperature scanning electron microscopy of superconducting thin-film devices and circuits. (From Ref. [5.7].)...

S. J. Holland and J. K. Warrack, Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy of the phase inversion process in a cream formulation, Int. J. Pharm. 65, 225-234(1990). 

Scheidegger, C. (1995). Heproductive strategies in Vezdaea (Lecanorales, Uchenized Ascomycetes) a low-temperature scanning electron microscopy study of a ruderal species. Cryptogamie Botany 5,163-171. 

The production of thermotropic APC cellulose derivatives micro fibers is reported (Canejo et al. 2008) for the electrospinning of APC. These were obtained from a lyotropic solution of APC at room temperature. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations showed that the APC electrospun fibers exhibit a spontaneous twist along their axis. 

Bastacky J, Hook GR, Finch GL, Goerke J, Hayes TL. Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy of frozen hydrated mouse lung. Scanning 1987 9 57-70. 

---