Tapered file

To build the endcap, reduce a 1 washer to 15/16- 00 on one side and taper to 7/8 on the other. Solder this washer to a second 1 washer. Drill the center hole to V ID and thread. Use a file to serrate checker or knurl the edge of the 1 washer. This allows a good grip and eliminates the need for a spanner wrench. 

The shaft collar is now installed on the barrel. The outer barrel Is tapered it measures about 3/4 00 at the hacksaw cut and is about 1/16 larger. V back (2 from the rear of barrel). Carefully file this V wide area until the shaft collar will snugly slip over the outer barrel and rest flush with it. The collar Itself... 

Figure 8-16 shows three common types of files flat, tapered, and rat-tail. We use the flat file to remove small amount of material... 

The flat file is also for general use, typically on flat surfaces. It is rectangular in cross-section and tapers in both width and thickness for approximately the last third of its length towards the point. Both faces are double-cut and both edges single-cut. The tapers in width and thickness enable this file to be used in slots which are narrower than its full width and thickness and which require filing on length and width. 

The square file is of square cross-section, parallel for approximately two-thirds of its length, then tapering towards the point. It is doublecut on all sides. This file is used for filing keyways, slots and the smaller square or rectangular holes with 90 sides. 

The half-round file has one flat and one curved side. It is parallel for approximately two-thirds of its length, then tapers in width and thickness towards the point. The flat side is double-cut and the curved side is single-cut on second-cut and smooth files. This is an extremely useful double-purpose file for flat surfaces and for curved surfaces too large for the round file. 

After the flats have been milled or filed, clamp the piston in the V-block, then locate, drill and ream the. 251 hole. Chuck the piston in the lathe using a 3-jaw chuck and turn the 45 degree tapered end 1/16" back. The tapered end is important because it will help the piston enter the injection cylinder smoothly. 

Metal file. Once you cut copper pipe, you ll want to smooth the rough edges with a metal file. It s worth having two files on hand a half-round file, with a flat and a round side, for de-burring metal and a rat-tail file (it s round and tapered, as its name implies) for filing concave surfaces and enlarging holes. 

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