Tangential magnitude

That is, the removal of spherical particles from a flat surface is determined by the magnitude of the wall shear stress, x0. Visser (1) also claims that since the removal mechanism is unknown, it is not possible to relate the Fh (tangential force) to the Fa (adhesive force) on theoretical grounds. Therefore, he assumes that the tangential force required for particle release is proportional to the adhesive force. 

Simulation data were collected and plotted from the three models. Flow magnitudes were plotted separately for the three different components of the flow, the axial velocity, vz, the radial velocity, vr, and the tangential velocity, vn for seven planes with three data-lines each. Selected results are shown in Fig. 11... 

Although the effects of rotation were not known with certainty, it was theorized that when the liner collapses in a rotating shaped chge, he jet formed from the liner also rotates and spreads or splits. To counteract these effects of rotation, tangential components of velocity are necesssry. These must be equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to those set up by the initial spin upon all the elements of the liner. The purpose of this counteracting force, called "spin-compensation , is to stop rotation of the jet (Ref 1). Both.theory and initial test results indicated that a fluted liner... 

The excitation dipole, (1, has three components which are directed respectively parallel to the z and y axis, and along the x axis which is defined by the line of length la joining the centers of the dipoles, as shown in Fig. 9. The magnitudes of the components are determined by the cosines of the vertical, tangential, and radial angles, y, p, and a, respectively, between the excitation dipole and the local Cartesian axes (see Fig. 9.). 

Some investigators believe that the best course to follow in scratch hardness determination is to find the tangential force acting on the surface of material under test required to obtain a scratch of width b. In this case, hardness is expressed as the ratio of that force to the scratch cross-section or a magnitude proportional to it, or else as a quotient of the work necessary to produce the scratch and its volume. Proponents of this method (Yushkin, 1971) consider that scratch hardness tests in the present form play only a marginal role. Unlike Shreyner (1949), who contended that the results obtained under these methods are less accurate than those for mineral-bymineral scratch after Mohs, they accept that these tests have certain usefulness, but only of a complementary nature. The differences of opinion arise from the different approach to the question of accuracy of the method of determination itself, since as can readily be proved, a strict relationship exists between hardness defined as the ratio of load P to square of... 

The first is a boundary layer contribution related to the tangential components — exp (—/ /e)E in (14). The second stems from the perturbation field eN [4], Sheng Zhou [9] erroneously identified 2/A to be the first term on the right-hand-side of (16), because they used the incomplete replacement e 2v —> E. Note that in straight pore channels (E = e) the second contribution vanishes while the first reduces to the pore surface-to-volume ratio Sp/Vp. In general, both contributions are of the same order of magnitude. It can also be shown [4] that (16) can be rewritten as... 

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