Tanaka method/patterns

Fig. 5. CBED pattern from Si in orientation (111) using the Tanaka method [20] in a field emission gun at accelerating voltage of 60 kV. The angular size of the disks is the Bragg angle of the 220 reflection, 1 x 10 rad and the exact Bragg position is at the center of the disk (reproduced with permission of JEOL Co, Japan)...

In an opposite way, if we are able to identify the diffraction group from experimental diffraction patterns, then, we can obtain the point group. This is the basis of the point group determination. To reach this aim, two experimental methods are available a method proposed by Buxton et al. [3] and a multi-beam method proposed by Tanaka et. al. [4]. 

The previous method has a main disadvantage. It requires the identification of four different S5mimetries observed on three different patterns (the Zone-Axis, the hkl Dark-Field and the -h-k-1 Dark-Field patterns). It is very important that these three patterns come from the same specimen area. This condition is not always easy to fulfill and to solve this problem, Tanaka proposed a method which only requires the observation of a unique diffraction pattern [4]. 

Reactor configurations other than conventional stirred tanks have been proposed for suspension polymerization. Draft tubes, or internal loops , can be used for suspension polymerization [102], but drop size changes can occur [103] and flow patterns may be complicated [104]. Tanaka et al. [105] used a loop reactor for the suspension polymerization of styrene. They employed a double agitation method to control the transient droplet diameter distribution and the final particle size distribution. Ni et al. [106] developed an oscillatory baffled reactor for batch suspension polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Fluid mixing was achieved by eddies that are generated when a fluid passes through a set of equally spaced, stationary, orifice baffles that are located inside a tube. Periodically formed vortices were con-... 

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