Tamarindus amyloid

Klop and Kooiman (114) have also explored the effect of xylosyl and galactosyl-xylosyl substituents on the hydrolysis of the 0-1,4-glucan backbone of Tamarindus amyloid (see Figure 2). Again the products of hydrolysis are consistent with the assumption that linkages between unsubstituted glucosyl residues and substituted glucosyl residues may be broken. Similar results were obtained with the Luizym preparation,... 

Isol. from the partial acid hydrolysate of Tamarindus amyloid and gum tragacanth, the exudate from various species of Astragalus,... 

Kooiman, P. The Constitution of Tamarindus-Amyloid, Recueil trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 80, 849 (1961). 

The seeds of Tamarindus indica contain polysaccharides which can be extracted with hot water and purified by precipitation with alcohol. The polysaccharide is composed of D-galactose, D-xylose, and D-glucose (Fig. 10). These xyioglucans have been named amyloids since they give a color reaction with iodine similar to starch. The xyioglucans from Tamarindus are gel-forming polysaccharides which are stable in a wide pH range. This type of polysaccharide is mainly used in food industry, but, in some cases, it has been pharmaceutically employed as a substitute for pectin. 

Xyloglucan (amyloid) plant seed (tamarindus indica) D-glucose in (1-4) linkage, with side groups of D-galactose and D-xylose... 

Glucomannans occur as reserve materials in certain seeds such as bluebell (Endymion non-scriptus) while the mucilages of other species are or contain polyuronides. Xyloglucans (with galactose side chains) are found as amyloids in seeds of tamarind Tamarindus) [65], Annona [43] and several other species. These polysaccharides again are deposited in the endosperm cell walls. 

Considerably later, xyloglucans were isolated from the medium of suspension-cultured sycamore (24) cells, and, finally, from the primary cell walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells (31). The basic structure of xyloglucans was elucidated by Kooiman (79) who studied the amyloid of Tamarindus indica seeds. The xyloglucans of primary cell walls were isolated and structurally characterized before it was recognized that the xyloglucans are very similar to the amyloids 31). The widespread occurrence of the amyloids 21, 67, 79, 115, 119) and xyloglucans 24, 29, 31) shows that polysaccharides isolated from tissues other than primary cell walls can, at times, serve as excellent models for the cell wall polysaccharides. 

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