Tail flick test antinociception

So far, a role in mediating acute antinociceptive responses has been ascribed to different types of K+ channels using in vivo pain models such as the tail-flick or the hot-plate test. 

Compounds with moderate p-affinities are very potent in a variety of pain models in mice and rats. In addition to antinociceptive efficacy in models of acute pain (tail flick, writhing) these compounds inhibit acute and persistent inflammatory pain (Randall Selitto, formalin test). Furthermore, they show strong inhibition of acute visceral pain (colorectal distension) and of tactile and cold allodynia in models of neuropathic pain (spinal nerve ligation (Chung), chronic constriction injury (Bennett)). The data suggest these compounds to be potential candidates for the management of clinical pain indications. Somatic and visceral pain with and without inflammatory conditions as well as neuropathic pain might be addressed with this approach. 

In the tail flick assay -conotoxin GVIA in combination with morphine leads to an additive effect similar to the combination of morphine with SNX-111 in the formalin test. But when -conotoxin GVIA was applied 24 h before morphine, antinociception was greatly reduced. In morphine-dependent rats, w-conotoxin GVIA given i.c.v. 15 min before naloxone challenge (2 mg/kg i.p.), significantly attenuated the withdrawal symptoms (Table 4, Basilico et al., 1992). 

Lutfy, K., Cai, S.X., Woodward, R.M., Weber, E. Antinociceptive effects on NMDA and non.NMDA receptor antagonists in the tail flick test in mice, Pain 1997, 76, 31-40. 

SNC80 dose dependently produces antinociception in the mouse warm water tail flick test (i.c.v., i t. and i.p.)... 

Gilron, I., Biederman, J., Jhamandas, K., and Hong, M. (2003). Gabapentin blocks and reverses antinociceptive morphine tolerance in the rat pawpressure and tail-flick tests. Anesthesiology 98,... 

Figure 1 Time course for effects of the mixed opioid agonist DPI-3290 on anti-nocieption and blood pC02 levels in alfentanil-infused rats. Alfentanil was intravenously infused at 6 pg/kg/min. At the time points outlined in the figure, radiant tail flick testing and arterial blood samples were collected and analyzed by standard methods. Antinociception was expressed as maximal percent effect (MPE).

Figure 5 Antinociceptive effects of biphalin (0.005 pg) and morphine (2.5 pg) administered intrathecally to rats measured by tail flick test. There is a significantly greater difference ( P <. 05 t-test) in the antinociceptive effect of morphine as compared to biphalin 120 min after injection.

Figure 3 Antinociceptive response observed after IV administration of RB 101 and antagonism by naloxone and naltrindole in the rat tail flick test. The results are expressed as percent analgesia SEM (n = 8) for each group. P <. 05 P <. 01 as compared to control P <. 05 as compared to the same dose without antagonist (Newman-Keuls test).

CAMO behaved as a nonequilibrium and jx selective ligand in bovine striatal membranes. No antinociception was produced in the mouse tail flick test when the compound was administered i.c.v. [106]. Pretreating mice for 24 h with MET-CAMO completely blocked morphine-induced n mediated antinociception, but not antinociception mediated by either kotS opioid receptors [107]. Its corresponding A-cyclopropylmethyl analogue (jV-CPM-MET-CAMO, 56) is also an irreversible antagonist at fi receptors but shows less selectivity than MET-CAMO [106, 108]. 

Archer and co-workers also prepared and evaluated the disulphides (72)-(75). Incubation of bovine striatal membranes with TAMO (72), iV-CPM-TAMO (73), MET-TAMO (74) and iV-CPM-MET-TAMO (75) resulted in wash-resistant inhibition of the binding of the // selective peptide DAMGO. TAMO had no effect on k or 5 binding while 7V-CPM-TAMO moderately inhibited k binding and weakly inhibited S binding. MET-TAMO and N-CPM-MET-TAMO inhibited n, k and S binding. Thus, TAMO was the most selective of the four ligands and 7V-CPM-TAMO appeared to be the next most selective [118,119]. TAMO exhibited a short antinociceptive effect in the mouse tail flick test [116]. 

Table 3 Maximum antinociceptive effect using the tail flick test in mice treated with intravenous dosage of lOmg/kg using selected experimental agents...

Table 8.2. Antinociceptive Activities of Some Tropane Analogs of Fentanyl in Mice by the Tail-Flick Test.0...

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