Tabor

A major advance in force measurement was the development by Tabor, Win-terton and Israelachvili of a surface force apparatus (SFA) involving crossed cylinders coated with molecularly smooth cleaved mica sheets [11, 28]. A current version of an apparatus is shown in Fig. VI-4 from Ref. 29. The separation between surfaces is measured interferometrically to a precision of 0.1 nm the surfaces are driven together with piezoelectric transducers. The combination of a stiff double-cantilever spring with one of a number of measuring leaf springs provides force resolution down to 10 dyn (10 N). Since its development, several groups have used the SFA to measure the retarded and unretarded dispersion forces, electrostatic repulsions in a variety of electrolytes, structural and solvation forces (see below), and numerous studies of polymeric and biological systems. 

F. P. Bowden and D. Tabor, The Friction and Lubrication of Solids, The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1950. 

Bowden and Tabor [24] proposed, for such heterogeneous surfaces, that... 

Fig. Xn-11. Nature of the contact region in boundary lubrication according to Bowden and Tabor. (From Ref. 4a.)...

Bowden and Tabor [4] cite support for the general idea that film molecules are forced to a horizontal configuration in load-bearing regions and the general idea was proposed by Wilson in 1955 [63]. 

F. P. Tabor, Surface and Colloid Science, E. Matijevic, ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1972. 

D. Tabor, in Advances in Polymer Friction and Wear, Lieng-Huang Lee, ed.. Polymer Science and Technology, Vol. 5A, Plenum, New York, 1974. 

Tabor M 1989 Chaos and Integrability in Nonlinear Dynamics An Introduction (New York Wiley)... 

Tabor M, Levine R D, Ben-Shaul A and Steinfeld J I 1979 Microscopic and macroscopic analysis of non-linear master equations vibrational relaxation of diatomic molecules Mol. Phys. 37 141-58... 

It is remarkable that tire roots of the SFA go back to the early 1960s [1], Tabor and Winterton [2] and Israelachvili and Tabor [3] developed it to the current state of the art some 15 years before the invention of the more widely used atomic force microscope (AFM) (see chapter B1.19). 

Bowden F P and Tabor D 1964 Friction and Lubrication of Soiids Part II (Oxford Oxford University Press)... 

Tabor D and Winterton R H S 1969 The direct measurement of normal and retarded van der Waals forces Proc. R. Soc. London A 312 435-50... 

Tabor D 1992 Fundamentals of Friction ed I L Singer and FI M Pollock (London Kluwer)... 

Chapman J A and Tabor D 1957 An electron diffraction study of retracted monolayers Proc. R. See. A 242 96-107... 

Tabor D 1992 Friction as a dissipative process Fundamentals of Friction Macroscopic and Microscopic Processes (NATO ASI Series E220) eds i L Singer and H M Poiiock (Dordrecht Kiuwer) pp 3-24... 

R. L. Tabor, K.. Hiuze, R. D.. Priester, and R. B. Turner, "The Compatibikty of Water with Polyols," 34th Annual Polyurethane Technical Marketing Conference, New Orleans, La., Oct. 21—24,1992. 

E. Jungerman and D. Tabor, Nonionic Surfactants, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1967, pp. 226—239. 

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