Tablet fillers, mineral

Tribasic calcium phosphate is widely used as a capsule diluent and tablet filler/binder in either direct-compression or wet-granulation processes. The primary bonding mechanism in compaction is plastic deformation. As with dibasic calcium phosphate, a lubricant and a disintegrant should usually be incorporated in capsule or tablet formulations that include tribasic calcium phosphate. In some cases tribasic calcium phosphate has been used as a disintegrant. It is most widely used in vitamin and mineral preparations as a filler and as a binder. It is a source of both calcium and phosphorus, the two main osteogenic minerals for bone health. The bioavailability of the calcium is well known to be improved by the presence of cholecalciferol. Recent research reports that combinations of tribasic calcium phosphate and vitamin D3 are a cost-effective advance in bone fracture prevention. ... 

Tablet. Approximate relative volume costs of common mineral fillers and thermoplastic polymers ...

Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) is purified partially depolymerized cellulose, prepared by treating a-cellulose with mineral acids. In addition to being used as a filler, it is also used as dry binder and disintegrant in tablet formulations. Depending on the preparation conditions, it can be produced with a variety of technical specifications depending on particle size and crystallinity. It is often used as an excipient in direct compression formulations but can also be incorporated as a diluent for tablets prepared by wet granulation, as a filler for capsules and for the production of spheres. 

Tribasic calcium phosphate is soluble in dilute mineral aeids, very slightly soluble in water, and insoluble in aleohol. It is used in the pharmaceutical industry primarily as a tablet and eapsule diluent and as a flow and non-caking agent. Tribasic calcium phosphate provides a higher calcium load than dibasic calcium phosphate. It should not be used with strong acidie salts of weak organic bases or in the presenee of acetate salts. It influences the adsorption of vitamin D, and should not be used with water soluble B vitamins or with certain esters sueh as vitamin E or vitamin A acetate or palmitate. It forms a ealeium eomplex with tetracycline. A tablet formulation utilizing triealeium phosphate as a filler is shown below. 

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