Table of Equivalents

The flow resistance of pipe fittings (elbows, tees, etc) and valves is expressed in terms of either an equivalent length of straight pipe or velocity head loss (head loss = Kv /2g ). Most handbooks and manufacturers pubHcations dealing with fluid flow incorporate either tables of equivalent lengths for fittings and valves or K values for velocity head loss. Inasmuch as the velocity in the equipment is generally much lower than in the pipe, a pressure loss equal to at least one velocity head occurs when the fluid is accelerated to the pipe velocity. 

Tables of equivalence 9.1 Inorganic compounds Empirical formulae/Names ... 

Tables of equivalence 9.2 Organic compounds Empirical formuIae/Names... 

So far, the data mentioned were measured at 25° C as is usual in electrochemical practice. However, it should not be forgotten that the ion mobilities increase considerably with temperature (see the Smithsonian table of equivalent conductivities as different temperatures in the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 61st ed.), although with the same trends for the various ions therefore, the change in transference numbers remains small and shows a tendency to approach a value of 0.5 at higher temperatures. 

Tables of equivalent dosages of similar drugs (e.g., corticosteroids)...

Shader Rl, Greenblatt DJ. Can you provide a table of equivalences for benzodiazepines and other marketed benzodiazepine agonists J Clin Psy-chopharmacol 1997 17 331. 

With a conductivity detector with a known cell constant, the conductances of various solutions of known concentration can be calculated from a table of equivalent conductances, with Eq. 4.6. The limiting equivalent conductances of some common ions are given in Table 4.1. The equivalent conductances of ions generally decrease with increasing concentration because of inter-ionic effects. For dilute solutions (10 to 10" N) the equivalent conductances are not greatly different from the values listed in the table. 

The calculated and experimental values in Table 6.10 show quite reasonable agreement. The accuracy of these comparisons is limited by use of limiting equivalent conductances instead of the equivalent conductances at the concentrations actually used, imprecise temperature control, and somewhat limited accuracy in measuring the cell constant. Nevertheless, calculations from a table of equivalent conductances provide a useful estimation of expected experimental results. 

A Table of Equivalent Conductances of Electrolytes at 25°. Table III gives values of the equivalent conductances of typical electrolytes at round concentrations between 0.0005 and 0.1 normal at 25°. When not measured at the precise concentration given the values have been interpolated by means of equations of the form of (31). With the exceptions indicated by asterisks the values have been obtained with apparatus substantially as described in Chapter 3. Of these substances the alkalis present great experimental difficulties, but the values are probably correct to the number of places given. The data on nickel sulphate are included as an example of a bi-bivalent salt. All the values given are based on the conductance of 0.1 denial potassium chloride, at 25° as obtained by Jones and Bradshaw.10... 

Tablo of Bquiralents of Adda. 61 Table of Equivalents of Alkalies. 89... 

Table of Equivalents. In Table 7-31, European grades have been selected to give equal or greater strength than ASTM, and to show equivalent corrosion ressistance. The British steels are impact-tested carbon steel (to -58°F) and 3-1/2% nickel steel, both virtually identical with similar ASTM grades. German materials are impact tested carbon steel and 5% nickel alloy, and are standardized in Vereine Deutsche Eisenhuttenleute Stahl-Eisen Werkstoffblatt 680. In practice, 3-1/2% nickel steel is equally available in Germany — or equally unavailable. Nickel alloy is difficult to procure anywhere in Western Europe. For short delivery it is often necessary to substitute austenitic chromium nickel steel.

Lucretius poem suggests that the Law of Conservation of Matter has been assumed for at least two millennia. It was certainly a fundamental scientific assumption during the scientific revolution. However, it was Lavoisier who propounded the view that, unless all material mass could be accounted for in a chemical reaction, one could not even try to understand it. Critical, too, were Richter s establishment of tables of equivalents and his concept of stoichiometry and Proust s law of definite composition, that successfully survived his debate with Berthollet. Dalton s notebook entry on September 6, 1803 (his thirty-seventh birthday) includes the first symbolic drawings and relative weights of his atoms. ... 

The table of equivalents, formerly given, is therefore, at the same time a table of atomic weights. It is now time to give... 

Holden, N. E., and Walker, F. W. Chart of the Nuclides, Physical Constants and Conversion Factors and Table of Equivalents, General Electric Company, Atomic Power Equipment Department, 175 Curtner Avenue, San Jose, CA 95125. An inexpensive ( 1.00) compilation of nuclear data in a paperback format. The booklet is revised... 

It has not proved convenient to make the notation of this and the preceding paper agree. Confusion may be lessened by the following table of equivalents. The symbol before the arrow is used by Brooks, while the symbol after the arrow is used in this paper. The simple arrow is an exact correspondence, while the wiggly arrow is an approximate correspondence P P k — 1 —> fc, fcjS —> jS, ex 9 kc K G. 

Richter s table of equivalent weights, as modified by E. Fischer in 1802... 

Consulting the Tyler Standard Screen Scale in Appendix 5, a Table of equivalent sieve diameter as a function of cumulative frequency is derived. From such a table, a plot similar to the one derived in the previous example is obtained. The plot is shown in Figure 9.4, and values of Xq, Xp, and Xy, at the cut diameter of 7-mesh (2.794 mm from the Tyler Standard Screen Scale) are 0.68, 0.2, and 0, respectively. 

Quantitative results of a different kind were obtained by Jeremias Richter (1762-1807). He was obsessed with obtaining mathematical relationships in chemistry, and he helped to establish the concept of equivalent or combining weight. His work was summarised in 1802 by Ernst Fischer (1754-1831), who produced a table of equivalent weights of acids and bases related to sulphuric acid having a value of 1000. On this scale, muriatic acid (HCl) had a value of 712, and soda and potash had values of 859 and 1605 respectively. This meant that 859 parts of soda or 1605 parts of potash were required to neutralise 1000 parts of sulphuric acid or 712 parts of muriatic acid. 

The Law of Neutrality — Determining Element and Elements Determined — Fischer s Table of Equivalents — The Series of Masses — Link. 

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