Statistics t test

The test to determine whether the bias is significant incorporates the Student s /-test. The method for calculating the t-test statistic is shown in equation 38-10 using MathCad symbolic notation. Equations 38-8 and 38-9 are used to calculate the standard deviation of the differences between the sums of X and Y for both analytical methods A and B, whereas equation 38-10 is used to calculate the standard deviation of the mean. The /-table statistic for comparison of the test statistic is given in equations 38-11 and 38-12. The F-statistic and f-statistic tables can be found in standard statistical texts such as references [1-3]. The null hypothesis (H0) states that there is no systematic difference between the two methods, whereas the alternate hypothesis (Hf) states that there is a significant systematic difference between the methods. It can be seen from these results that the bias is significant between these two methods and that METHOD B has results biased by 0.084 above the results obtained by METHOD A. The estimated bias is given by the Mean Difference calculation. 

Student s t test statistics and t probability were calculated to quantify the contrast between anomalous and background populations in each extraction method data set (Student 1908 Stanley Noble 2008). Sample sites were designated anomalous based on the projection of mineralization and a fault zone in the cover rocks. For most methods, Zn... 

The statistical evaluation leads to a limit value, i.e., a critical effect, and all effects. Ex, that are in absolute value larger than or equal to the limit value are considered significant. The limit value is usually based on the t-test statistic given in the following equation " " ... 

The statistical interpretations usually apply the t-test statistic (Eq. 2.15) (4,5). Occasionally, an ANOVA approach with E-tests is used, which in fact is equivalent to the r-test approach (4,30,108) ... 

This distribution is often used to compute confidence intervals or perform hypothesis tests on the sample mean. Writing under the pseudonym Student, W. S. Cosset showed that the t-test statistic... 

Senn SJ, Richardson W (1994) The first t-test. Statistics in Medicine 13 785-803. 

This is called simply the student t test statistic. The rejection points t ,2 and —t /2 a two-tailed test can be determined from an appropriate t table, but they now depend on a parameter called the degrees of freedom, which is defined hy df = n — 1. Consider the original two-tailed hypothesis test under the new assumption (cr unknown) ... 

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