T-shirt and briefs

Determine the amount of chlorpyrifos on the outside torso section of the coverall and the t-shirt and briefs sample. 

Determine the percent penetration of chlorpyrifos through the outer layer of the torso section of the coverall (micrograms chlorpyrifos on t-shirt and briefs)/(micrograms chlorpyrifos on torso section). 

CA, outer whole-body dosimeter = coveralls dosimeters (arms, legs, torso) FL and AZ (short sleeve with arm band) inner dosimeter = t-shirt and brief head patch, face and neck... 

Dosimetry CA, outer coveralls (arms, legs, torso) + short-sleeved shirt + pants + t-shirt and briefs, head patch, and handwash. MI, FL, AZ, outer coveralls (arms, legs, torso) + t-shirt and briefs, head patch, and handwash... 

Table 4 presents the amounts of chlorpyrifos used to fortify the various substrates in this study. Chlorpyrifos "low" spike levels for coverall sections (arms, legs, and torso) as well as t-shirts and briefs, handwashes, and head patches ranged from 5.1 pg to 1198 pg. "High" spike levels of these substrates ranged form 1456 pg to 191,720 pg. Air tubes and Gelman filters were fortified with only "low" amounts of chlorpyrifos which ranged from 0.1 pg to 36 pg. 

In order to determine the dermal exposure of volunteers to chlorpyrifos, the penetration of chlorpyrifos through the outer whole-body dosimeter (coveralls) to the inner body dosimeter (t-shirt and briefs) was measured. The penetration factor was calculated for each volunteer in the study from the experimental data by dividing the amount of chlorpyrifos on the t-shirt and brief sample by the amount of chlorpyrifos on the torso section of the coveralls. This method of calculation assumes that the surface area of the torso section of the coveralls is nearly the same as the surface area of the t-shirt and briefs worn directly under the torso section of the coveralls. A mean penetration factor for each worker type was calculated by averaging all the worker volunteer... 

No standard materials have been developed for whole-body garment sampling. Studies to date have used absorbent fabric such as cotton or cotton/polyester. Inner garments might consist of white cotton socks (feet), T-shirts (upper torso), briefs (lower torso) and thermal underwear bottoms and tops (the whole body, except hands, feet and head). 

---