System capabilities, liquid phase processe

One of these will be operated on diesel in the year 2000 for a fuel cell client. The catalyst in this ATR unit is capable of operation with the sulfur in diesel (under 200 ppmw sulfur in the liquid phase). Based on this ATR technology, HBT developed a <10 kWe fuel processing system directed at the stationary market. The first group of twenty pre-production units is being built for evaluation by fuel cell developers during late 2000 and early 2001. 

Systems containing several components, of which only one is capable of existing as a liquid at the process conditions, are common in industrial processes. Separation processes that involve such systems include evaporation, drying, and humidification—all of which involve transfer of liquid into the gas phase—and condensation and dehumidification, which involve transfer of the condensable species from the gas to the liquid phase. 

The theories outlined above are general and pertain to any nucleation processes within a melt. The H20 system is of particular interest to us for a number of reasons (1) the hydrogen-bonding capabilities of these molecules, (2) the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions of biomaterials, and (3) the absolute requirements for water in living systems. Consequently, freezing of H20 from the liquid phase is of special significance for biological systems. 

Aside from focusing specifically on glass formation, contactless processing is also ideally suited to studying high melting point liquids, which are otherwise prone to container contamination. Two diverse i lications of the importance of this capability are demonstrated in this thesis first it is applied to the smdy of a reported first order iso-composition liquid-liquid phase transition in the yttiia aluminate system [18]. 

Surfactant systems capable of producing ultra-low interfacial tensions are currently attracting attention because of their potential value in increasing the recovery of oil from underground reservoirs [11-15]. The systems used contain co-surfactant, salt, and complex ill-defined mixtures of surfactants known as petroleum sulphonates. There is evidence to suggest that the interfaces present during the recovery processes are not simple liquid-liquid phase boundaries with surfactant monolayers [11,12,16,17] and it has been suggested that the ultra-low tensions are caused by the presence of a surfactant-rich third phase at the interface. 

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