Synthetic strategy conventional approach

The conventional approach to the synthesis of biomacromolecnles usnally starts with the constituent monomers, i.e. respective nucleotides, a-amino acids and monosaccharides or 

Biomacromolecules, by C. Stan Tsai Copyright 2007 John Wiley Sons, Inc. 

Protection protection of functional groups that do not participate (or may be destroyed) in the subsequent coupling reaction. The protecting groups must be easily removed upon completion of the synthesis without detrimental effect to the assembled chain. 

Coupling formation of the biopolymeric linkage that joins two monomers or the new monomer to the chain by either activation-condensation or direct dehydration coupling. 

Deprotection removal of protecting groups via mild treatment to give the final product. 

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Supramolecular synthetic strategies provide a bottom-up approach to this challenging field. In particular, the metal-driven assembly is an efficient, highly convergent synthetic strategy that is used, often in combination with other non-covalent interactions and/or with more conventional covalent procedures, for constructing robust and shape-persistent assemblies of nanoscopic dimensions in which the number, position, relative orientation and distance of the chromophores are well defined [39-41]. 

When chiral, drugs and other molecules obtained from natural sources or by semisynthesis usually contain one of the possible enantiomeric forms. However, those obtained by total synthesis often consist of mixtures of both enantiomers. In order to develop commercially the isolated enantiomers, two alternative approaches can be considered (i) enantioselective synthesis of the desired enantiomer or (ii) separation of both isomers from a racemic mixture. The separation can be performed on the target molecule or on one of its chemical precursors obtained from conventional synthetic procedures. Both strategies have their advantages and drawbacks. 

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